Cell-wall composition and structure of yeast cells and conjugation tubes of Tremella mesenterica

Cell walls prepared from vegetative yeast cells and from hormone-induced conjugation tubes of the basidiomycete Tremella mesenterica had similar compositions. Evidence was found for 1,3-alpha-glucan (yeast 38%, tube 25%), 1,3-beta-1,6-beta-glucan (yeast 33%, tube 48%) and chitin (both less than 3%) in the walls. The walls also contained xylose (5 to 7%), mannose (6%), glucuronic acid (approx. 2%), and traces of galactose. Protein amounted to less than 2% of the wall weight. The cell capsule was very insoluble and could not be removed from the cell wall. The conjugation hormone did not appear to exert its effect on cell shape by causing gross changes in wall composition.     

Handling,shipping, and storage of oilseeds

Conclusion The rapid crop movement has been discussed, also the problem of deterioration in storage, and some of the procedures and equipment which the crusher may use to solve his problems. In a few weeks the oil seeds will start their flow to the mills. No one season is entirely typical of another, and the crusher will soon be faced with new problems relative to unloading, storage allocation, and segregation day by day and hour by hour. Each problem is demanding of solution and cannot be deferred or referred. The success of the mill’s year-round operation may depend in large measure upon the initiative, hard work, imagination, and judgment with which an unloading season is handled. The crushing industry is looking forward to this season and to every season with an unique interest that is hard to describe. The interest is so much a part of processors that oil mill men could never, and would never want to lose it.     

Several methodologic features of prolonged human lymphocyte storage

When using in the lymphocytotoxic reaction lymphocytes stored in frozen condition the proportion of perished cells after thawing should not exceed 10-20%. Therefore, a study was made of the influence of various concentrations of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), composition of the medium and of other parameters for the purpose of elaboration of the optimal conditions of freezing human lymphocytes. The best results were obtained in freezing cells in the autologous serum with 12.5% DMSO. However sufficiently favourable results were also seen in using AB serum and 20% bovine serum in Eagle's medium.     

Suppression of ventricular ectopic depolarizations by tocainide

In a previous clinical study we demonstrated that tocainide is effective in the suppression of ventricular ectopic depolarizations (VEDs) after single oral doses. This information provided the basis for evaluating this drug's antiarrhythmic efficacy after multiple dose administration according to a loading-maintenance regimen. Twelve patients with stable VEDs were given loading doses of tocainide (400-600 mg) with maintenance doses every 12 hours. Every 48 hours the dose was increased until either arrhythmia suppression to less than 25% of VED frequency during placebo administration or side effects occurred. Computer analysis of 12-hr telemetric ECGs taken 24-36 hr after each dosage increment documented effective suppression (76-95%) in 8 of 12 patients. Those subjects demonstrating suppression were randomly assigned to a cross-over study of placebo or active drug at the dosage found effective in the dose-ranging phase. Dosages for the cross-over stage ranged from 400 to 1100 mg every 12 hours. Comparison of the two five-day periods documented suppression in these patients (mean +/- SE = 83.3 +/- 4%). No serious side effects or undue drug accumulation occurred during the study. The data indicate that tocainide can effectively suppress VEDs for 8-12 hours in many patients and that continuous suppression could be possible on an 8-12 hr dosage regimen.     

Corn grain preserved with ammonium isobutyrate for lactating dairy cattle

Twenty-four lactating cows were fed one of three complete rations containing dry corn, ensiled corn, or corn treated with ammonium isobutyrate in a Latin square arrangement of treatments. Two weeks were used for adjustments to rations and 3 wk for collection of data. There were no differences in average daily yield of milk or fat-corrected milk, but fat percentage of milk from cows fed ensiled corn was lower than that of those given dry corn. Fat test of cows fed treated corn was intermediate and not different from the other groups. Molar proportions of volatile fatty acids and concentrations of rumen ammonia were not different among treatments.     

Radiochemical studies of chemisorption and catalysis: XII. Studies of the adsorption of [14C]acetylene, [14C]ethylene and [14C]carbon monoxide on silica- and alumina-supported rhodium catalysts

The interaction of ¹⁴C-labeled acetylene, ethylene and carbon monoxide with rhodium supported on silica or alumina catalysts has been studied at room temperature at pressures of a few Torr. Adsorptions of acetylene, carbon monoxide and ethylene were performed separately: adsorptions of each of these gases followed by another were also studied. The behavior of the system was observed by counting of surface radioactivity. Acetylene gave adsorption isotherms with two well-defined regions, one of which, the primary region, was steeply sloping. [¹⁴C]CO as a probe for metal sites showed that few were left after adsorption of acetylene. CO-precoverage of the metal surface showed that the extent of secondary adsorption of acetylene was unchanged and that this adsorption was probably associated with the support. C₂H₂ had the ability to displace about 40% of the adsorbed CO. This study is to be taken in conjunction with Part XIII of the series, in which mass spectrometry was used to elucidate the nature of the reactions occurring.     

Radiochemical studies of chemisorption and catalysis: XIII. A mass-spectrometric study of the interaction of acetylene and carbon monoxide with a rhodium-on-silica catalyst

Mass spectrometry and thermal desorption studies have shown that when acetylene, at pressures of a few Torr at 18 °C, interacts with a Rh-SiO₂ catalyst the principal reaction occurring is self-hydrogenation to ethylene and ethane, with ethane as main product. Species which could be thermally desorbed from the surface in the range 36–186 °C included benzene, methane, ethylene, ethane, C₃- and C₄-hydrocarbons. Carbon monoxide had the effect of inhibiting self hydrogenation. C₁- to C₆-hydrocarbons could still be recovered by thermal desorption from the surface. Hydrogen, as a probe for surface species, brought ethane into the gas phase after exposure of Rh-SiO₂ to acetylene. Small amounts of C₃-hydrocarbons represented the only other species. A reaction scheme is presented.     

Large deformations of thin-walled circular tubes under transverse loading—III: Further experiments on the bending of simply supported tubes

Further experimental results are presented concerning the transverse loading of simply supported tubes supplementing those given in ref. (1). Surface stresses are examined by means of the brittle laquer technique and strain gauges. The influence of the geometrical parameters on the modes of deformation of the tubes is discussed in general terms.     

Ultrastructural and carbohydrate histochemical studies on the differentiation and renewal of mucous cells in the rat gastric fundus

Gastric surface mucous cells (SMC), mucous neck cells (MNC) and their undifferentiated and immature precursors were studied by light and electron microscopic histochemistry. The secretory granules of SMC were smaller, more electron dense and more reactive to PAS and its analogues than those of MNC. Alcian blue demonstrated that the mucus of SMC was acidic and that of MNC was neutral. The periodic acid-thiocarbohydrazide-silver proteinate method revealed the pressence of carbohydrates in the golgi apparatus, condensing vacuoles, secretory granules, apical vesicles and tubules and cell coat. Maturation of SMC during their migration towards the free surface was reflected by an increase in size and number of secretory granules, an increase of RER and microfilaments, and a decrease of microvilli and apical vesicles and tubules. The secretory granules of older SMC were less acidic and possessed a proteinaceous core. Most MNC were fully differentiated, but some immature MNC containing only a few granules were found. Furthermore, undifferentiated cells and intermediates between SMC and MNC were also observed. The presence of both transitional and intermediate forms indicates that both SMC, and MNC arise from the same population of undifferentiated cells. Incorporation of 3H-thymidine revealed that undifferentiated cells, use isthmic SMC, MNC and intermediate cells are proliferative. No proliferative activity was found in foveolar SMC, parietal, chief, fibrillovesicular or endocrine cells.