Nonlinear analysis of 3-D steel frames

In this paper, a nonlinear analysis of three-dimensional steel frames is developed. This analysis accounts for material and geometric nonlinearities. The material nonlinearity considers the gradual yielding associated with member forces. The geometric nonlinearity includes the second-order effects associated with P-δ and P-Δ. The material nonlinearity at a section is considered using the concept of the P–M hinge consisting of many fibers. The geometric nonlinearity is considered by the use of stability functions. The modified incremental displacement method is used as the solution technique. The load–displacement relationships predicted by the proposed analysis compare well with those given by other approaches.     

Measurement and calculation of swelling equilibria for water/poly(acrylamide-sodiumallylsulfonate) systems

Superabsorbent poly(acrylamide-sodiumallylsulfonate) was synthesized from acrylamide (AM) and sodiumallylsulfonate (SAS) by a solution polymerization method. N,N’-methylenebisacrylamide (BIS) was used as the crosslinker; potassium persulfite (PP) and N,N,N’,N’-tetra-methylenediamine (TMEDA) were used as the redox initiator during the synthesis. The absorption capacities of the synthesized superabsorbent poly(AM-SAS) were repeatedly measured to obtain the optimal poly(AM-SAS) according to the variations of monomer concentration at 298.15 K. Its maximal absorption capacity appeared as 811 times at 0.1 mol/L among from 0.01 mol/L to 0.16 mol/L of SAS concentrations. The swelling equilibria at those conditions from 298.15 K to 318.15 K were measured and used to estimate the parameters by correlating with the Flory-Huggins model. The swelling behavior could be described by the parameters and the calculated values agreed satisfactorily with the experimental data.     

Preparation and electrochromic properties of spin self-assembled polyelectrolyte multilayer films composed of PEDOT:PSS and PAH

Polyelectrolyte multilayer films composed of a polycation (poly(allylamine hydrochloride) PAH) and a polyanion (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) PEDOT:PSS) were prepared by a spin self-assembly method, and their electrochemical and electrochromic properties were investigated. The change in the surface charge and the optical absorption spectra of the multilayer films revealed that sequential deposition of polyelectrolyte was successfully achieved during the spin self-assembly. The electrochromic properties of 20-bilayered PAH/PEDOT:PSS were also investigated. The response time for the coloring and bleaching processes was 6.2 and 2.5 s, respectively, and the coloration efficiency was 199.3 cm²/C. These results indicate that a spin self-assembly process could be a viable alternative for the fabrication of electrochromic devices.     

A class of adaptive hybrid ARQ schemes for wireless links

Wireless links are known to suffer location-dependent, time-varying, and bursty errors. This paper considers a class of adaptive error-control schemes in the data link layer for reliable communication over wireless links in which the error-control code and the frame length are chosen adaptively, based on the estimated channel state/condition. Three error-control schemes are considered according to: (1) the number of Reed Solomon code segments a packet is divided into and (2) the way a lost packet is retransmitted. Through throughput performance and computation complexity analyses, these three schemes are compared, and then one of them is claimed to be the most attractive in terms of computation complexity and practicality even though its throughput performance is not the best. The simulation results also verify that this scheme works well over a time-varying fading channel. Error control for the medium access control (MAC) header and its effect on the performance of each error-control scheme are also considered since, without proper error protection for the header, it would be futile to exercise error control on the user data     

Full software analysis and impedance matching of radio frequencyCMOS integrated circuits

We present a systematic analysis technique of complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) radio-frequency (RF) integrated circuits (ICs). A full simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis (SPICE) simulation of the whole chip including the package and the die, with the parameters extracted from purely software analysis, has been performed. It is shown that the RF impedance matching without S-parameter based techniques is possible and the measured results agree well with our SPICE-only software based technique     

Dependence of thermo-mechanical and mechanical properties of novel fluorophosphate glass on various rare earth dopants

The dependence of thermo-mechanical, and mechanical properties on various rare earth dopants (RE) including Nd₂O₃, Er₂O₃, and Yb₂O₃ in 0.4MgF₂-0.4BaF₂-0.1Ba(PO₃)₂-0.1Al(PO₃)₃ glasses (MBBA system) is systematically investigated. MBBA system doped with RE dopants presented the potential application in the field of communication and high power layer system in the previous reports. In this work, it is found that the density of the doped glass increases with an increasing of RE concentration, which could be understood in terms of cationic field strength (CFS) effect. The Knoop hardness is found to decrease with the loading time and dopant concentration due to the indentation size effect (ISE) effect. The observed decrease of thermal expansion coefficient and the increase of glass transition temperature T _g with increasing dopant concentration are elucidated in terms of the increasing number of strong covalent bonds with increasing RE dopant concentration. Those results will be of paramount importance before designing optical devices.     

Contactless energy transfer using planar printed circuit boardwindings

An energy transfer circuit is proposed which employs a pair of neighbouring printed circuit board windings as a contactless energy transfer device, thereby making it amenable to low-profile designs and suitable for applications in which stringent requirements for height, space and reliability have to be met     

The elastic moduli and fatigue properties of canine trabecular bone tissue

The elastic modulus and fatigue properties of canine and human trabecular bone tissues (single trabeculae) were experimentally determined on a microstructural level using four-point bending cyclic test, and they were compared based on microstructural characteristics and mineral density. The results showed that canine trabecular bone tissue had significantly lower modulus and lower fatigue strength than human tissue. The observed microstructural differences between the two tissues may be more responsible for the differences, although the lower mineral density in canine tissue might also have contributed to the lower modulus and fatigue strength.     

Error concealment using affine transform for H.263 coded videotransmissions

A new error concealment method is proposed that uses motion estimation to consider actual motions, such as rotation, magnification, reduction, and parallel motion, in moving pictures. Since many videos include a variety of complex three-dimensional motions, the proposed method uses an affine transform to estimate the motion of lost data more accurately, thereby producing a higher peak signal-to-noise ratio value and better subjective video quality     

Composition Dependence of the Electrical Conductivity of ZnO(n)–CuO(p) Ceramic Composite

Electrical properties of semiconducting ZnO( n )-CuO( p ) ceramic composites with varying composition were investigated. The electrical conductivity increased with increasing CuO volume fraction between 1 to 95 mol%. Impedance response showed three semicircles, indicating three resistive elements contributing to the total resistance of the composite. A new model based on the equivalent circuits was developed to explain the contribution of grain boundaries to the resistance of the composite. The change of electrical conductivity was explained by the probability change of two equivalent circuits.