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991.
Citterio S Aina R Labra M Ghiani A Fumagalli P Sgorbati S Santagostino A 《Environmental science & technology》2002,36(12):2748-2753
The setting up of efficient early warning systems is a challenge to research for preventing environmental alteration and human disease. In this paper, we report the development and the field application of a new biomonitoring methodology for assessing soil genotoxicity. In the first part, the use of amplified fragment length polymorphism and flow cytometry techniques to detect DNA damage induced by soils artificially contaminated with heavy metals as potentially genotoxic compounds is explained. Results show that the combination of the two techniques leads to efficient detection of the sublethal genotoxic effect induced in the plant bioindicator by contaminated soil. By contrast, the classic mortality, root, and shoot growth vegetative endpoints prove inappropriate for assessing soil genotoxicity because, although they cause genotoxic damage, some heavy metals do not affect sentinel plant development negatively. The statistical elaboration of the data obtained led to the development of a statistical predictive model which differentiates four different levels of soil genotoxic pollution and can be used everywhere. The second part deals with the application of the biomonitoring protocol in the genotoxic assessment of two areas surrounding a steelworks in northern Italy and the effectiveness of this methodology. In this particular case, in these areas, the predictive model reveals a pollution level strictly correlated to the heavy metal concentrations revealed by traditional chemical analysis. 相似文献
992.
Radiances simulated in the presence of clouds by use of a fast radiative transfer model and a multiple-scattering scheme 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A fast-forward radiative transfer (RTF) model is presented that includes cloud-radiation interaction for any number of cloud layers. Layer cloud fraction and transmittance are treated separately and combined with that of gaseous transmittances. RTF is tested against a reference procedure that uses line-by-line gaseous transmittances and solves the radiative transfer equation by use of the adding-doubling method to handle multiple-scattering conditions properly. The comparison is carried out for channels 8, 12, and 14 of the High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS/2) and for the geostationary satellite METEOSAT thermal infrared and water vapor channels. Fairly large differences in simulated radiances by the two schemes are found in clear conditions for upper- and mid-tropospheric channels; the cause of the differences is discussed. For cloudy situations an improved layer source function is shown to be required when rapid changes in atmospheric transmission are experienced within the model layers. The roles of scattering processes are discussed; results with and without scattering, both obtained by use of a reference code, are compared. Overall, the presented results show that the fast model is capable of reproducing the cloudy results of the much more complex and time-consuming reference scheme. 相似文献
993.
994.
Mannini M Bonacchi D Zobbi L Piras FM Speets EA Caneschi A Cornia A Magnani A Ravoo BJ Reinhoudt DN Sessoli R Gatteschi D 《Nano letters》2005,5(7):1435-1438
We present an implementation of strategies to deposit single-molecule magnets (SMMs) using microcontact printing microCP). We describe different approaches of microCP to print stripes of a sulfur-functionalized dodecamanganese (III, IV) cluster on gold surfaces. Comparison by atomic force microscopy profile analysis of the patterned structures confirms the formation of a chemically stable single layer of SMMs. Images based on chemical contrast, obtained by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, confirm the patterned structure. 相似文献
995.
Bertini I Luchinat C Parigi G Pierattelli R 《Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology》2005,6(9):1536-1549
This article deals with the solution structure determination of paramagnetic metalloproteins by NMR spectroscopy. These proteins were believed not to be suitable for NMR investigations for structure determination until a decade ago, but eventually novel experiments and software protocols were developed, with the aim of making the approach suitable for the goal and as user-friendly and safe as possible. In the article, we also give hints for the optimization of experiments with respect to each particular metal ion, with the aim of also providing a handy tool for nonspecialists. Finally, a section is dedicated to the significant progress made on 13C direct detection, which reduces the negative effects of paramagnetism and may constitute a new chapter in the whole field of NMR spectroscopy. 相似文献
996.
The aim of this paper is to quantify the coupling during phase-locking patterns by using the recurrence plot quantification approach. We found that the percent determinism of the recurrences and the entropy of recurrences--corrected for border effect induced by finite data lenght--succeeded in distinguishing three coupling conditions both in simulation signals and in real data from cardiorespiratory synchronization experiments. 相似文献
997.
998.
Enzo Bianchi Roberta Bruschi Rosa Draisci Luca Lucentini 《Zeitschrift für Lebensmitteluntersuchung und -Forschung A》1995,200(4):256-260
Ion chromatography and colorimetry were used to determine nitrate ion concentration in 76 different pork meat products (salami, mortadella, wurstel, raw and cooked ham and other whole-muscle cooked products) and the results were compared. The comparison revealed that the two techniques yield quantitatively similar results, except in cases where the matrix was so complex that it might have influenced the analytical data. These results are consistent with those obtained by other authors who used UV spectrophotometric detection.
Vergleich zwischen ionenchromatographischer und spektrophotometrischer Methode zur Bestimmung von Nitrat in Fleischwaren
Zusammenfassung Es wurden zwei Analysetechniken, Ionenchromatographie mit konduktimetrischem Detektor und Kolorimetrie, für die Mengenbestimmung des Nitrat-Ions in Fleischerzeugnissen verglichen. Die Ergebnisse der Untersuchungen an 76 verschiedenen Schweinefleischprodukten (Salami, Mortadella, Würstchen, Roh- und Kochschinken und andere gekochte Erzeugnisse mit ganzem Muskel) beweisen, daß die beiden Methoden im allgemeinen sich entsprechende Werte liefern, außer in den Fällen, in denen der komplizierte Charakter der Matrix den Analysewert beeinflussen kann. Die Ergebnisse sind mit denen von Autoren vergleichbar, die mit UV-Detektor gearbeitet haben.相似文献
999.
1000.
Lederman Susan J.; Klatzky Roberta L.; Collins April; Wardell Jackie 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1987,13(4):606
In Experiment 1, blindfolded observers judged (a) the distance of pathways felt by hand and (b) the straight-line distance between pathway endpoints inferred from such exploration. In Experiment 2, blindfolded observers made corresponding estimates after traversing similar pathways on foot. Pathways were explored under three different speeds. Under both manipulatory and ambulatory exploration, there was substantial length distortion of inferred distance; the straight-line distance was increasingly overestimated with increases in the length of the explored pathway. With manipulatory exploration, slower movements increased length distortion, but duration effects proved secondary to effects of spatial extent. For ambulatory exploration, no duration effects were obtained. Observers used time-independent heuristics, that is, a footstep metric for estimating the pathway actually travelled and a spatial imaging strategy for estimating the inferred line between pathway endpoints. The studies establish length distortion as a general phenomenon in movement space and identify its major causes as spatial rather than temporal. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献