Continuous-wave operation of singlemode GaInAsSb lasers emittingnear 2.2 μm at Peltier temperatures

A continuous-wave regime, lasing near 2.2 μm, has been achieved for single longitudinal mode GaInAsSb double heterostructure lasers mounted on a Peltier cooler. In the pulsed regime the lasers exhibited a characteristic temperature of the threshold current as high as 132 K at heatsink temperatures up to 60°C     

Completion and stimulation trends in North American unconventional plays and resulting impact on well productivity

过去十年,非常规油气勘探开发在全球范围内大幅扩张。水平钻井和多级水力压裂技术也在不断地发展和创新,使得超长水平井成为可能。同时,因为压裂强度不断增加,作业者可以最大限度地提高储层接触面积和对储层的改造体积 （SRV）。然而,完井优化方面的挑战仍然存在,作业者持续不断地尝试和试验各种完井与增产参数组合,以确保非常规油气藏开发的经济可行性。优选最佳的完井与增产参数组合是一项非常关键的任务,应结合油气田的具体储层特征进行优化。本文总结了2014—2020年间北美9个主要非常规油气藏的压裂增产趋势,包括Marcellus, Haynesville, Barnett, Utica, Bone Spring, Bakken, Wolfcamp Midland, Eagle Ford, Scoop/Stack。分析了各油气田几个关键的完井和增产参数的整体趋势,同时还评估了单个参数（如水平段压裂长度、支撑剂强度、段间距等）对井产能的影响。然后对比分析相应的初始井产量（90 天平均初始产量）,评估各个参数对产能的影响,从而确定每个完井参数的最佳范围,以实现产能最优化。     

Robust ordinal regression in preference learning and ranking

Multiple Criteria Decision Aiding (MCDA) offers a diversity of approaches designed for providing the decision maker (DM) with a recommendation concerning a set of alternatives (items, actions) evaluated from multiple points of view, called criteria. This paper aims at drawing attention of the Machine Learning (ML) community upon recent advances in a representative MCDA methodology, called Robust Ordinal Regression (ROR). ROR learns by examples in order to rank a set of alternatives, thus considering a similar problem as Preference Learning (ML-PL) does. However, ROR implements the interactive preference construction paradigm, which should be perceived as a mutual learning of the model and the DM. The paper clarifies the specific interpretation of the concept of preference learning adopted in ROR and MCDA, comparing it to the usual concept of preference learning considered within ML. This comparison concerns a structure of the considered problem, types of admitted preference information, a character of the employed preference models, ways of exploiting them, and techniques to arrive at a final ranking.     

Structure and properties of small clusters of transition 3<Emphasis Type=Italic>d</Emphasis>-element oxides

The results of calculations of the parameters of the equilibrium structures of small clusters of transition 3d-element oxides are presented. The calculations are performed by the spin-unrestricted Hartree-Fock method. The properties of the most stable structures, i.e., those with the lowest total energies among all those obtained, are discussed.     

Determination of the size of structural elements in ultrafine grained materials

The results obtained in determining the size of structural elements in submicrocrystalline copper samples which have various distributions of boundary misorientations occurring as a result of plastic deformation are presented. It is shown that, in determination of the size of structural elements by transmission electron microscopy, low-angle boundaries can be taken into account by means of an image analysis system; the results obtained by this method are in good agreement with the data from X-ray structure analysis in which the Rietveld method is used.