A view of rehabilitation psychology.

Presents 12 questions and answers which examine the role of rehabilitation psychology in dealing with the problems of deprived and disabled people. Emphasis is placed on emotional and intellectual contact with the problems of the disabled and on awareness of the difference between the viewpoints of the "insider" in rehabilitation-the patient or his family-and the "outsider." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

DETERMINATIONS OF JIC FOR 2024-T351 ALUMINIUM ALLOY

Abstract— The J -integral is an elastic-plastic fracture mechanics parameter which can be regarded as a measure of the intensity of the crack tip stress and strain fields, irrespective of the plastic zone size. The value of J at the onset of stable crack extension, J _IC, has been suggested as a fracture criterion for both large-and small-scale yielding conditions. In this work the value of J _IC for an extruded, medium-strength aluminium alloy, 2024-T351 bar, was determined using; (i) the Hutchinson-Rice-Rosengren crack tip model and experimentally-determined crack tip strain profiles; and (ii) the ASTM standard multiple-specimen technique. Knowing the critical load for initial crack extension from the crack tip strain profile method also enabled J _IC to be computed using a finite element-hybrid contour method and a modified linear elastic fracture mechanics approach. Agreement between the J _IC values obtained by the various methods was good.     

Differentiating the Impacts of Cu2O Initial Low- and High-Index Facets on Their Reconstruction and Catalytic Performance in Electrochemical CO2 Reduction Reaction

Oxide-derived Cu catalysts from Cu₂O microcrystals are capable of electrochemically converting CO₂ into various value-added chemicals. However, their structural transformation and associated preferred products remain unclear, requiring further investigation. Herein, Cu₂O microcrystals with controllable low- and high-index facets exposure are fabricated to differentiate the effects of initial exposed facets on their structural reconstruction and product selectivity in electrochemical CO₂ reduction reaction. Combined in situ characterizations and theoretical investigation reveal the direct correlations of Cu₂O reconstruction and product selectivity to its initial facet exposure. The Cu₂O low-index facet, being more stable with a high energy barrier on material reduction, tends to partially maintain its original crystalline structure and larger Cu₂O particle size throughout the transformation. The derived flatter surface and limited Cu₂O/Cu interfaces result in a favorable selectivity toward 2-electron transfer products. The chemically active Cu₂O high-index facet (311) is energetically favorable to be reduced owing to the feasible protonation process, thus experiencing a drastic reconstruction with rich newly formed Cu nanoparticles and evolved fine Cu₂O grains; Such a reconstruction creates uncoordinated Cu species and abundant boundaries, benefiting charge transfer and increasing the local pH by confining OH⁻, thus leading to a high selectivity toward C₂₊ products.     

Making effective use of task analysis to identify human factors issues in new rail technology

Task analysis is an important tool that enables designers to consider the human factors implications of a new technology. This paper details a task analysis for the task of driving long-haul freight trains in Australia and describes how this task analysis was used to evaluate a new in-cab information support technology. This paper then explores similarities and differences between this task analysis and one proposed by Roth and Multer (2009). It is argued that these two task analyses can form the basis for many future task analyses so that we can avoid 'reinventing the wheel,' allowing us to focus more on potential interesting differences between operations and geographical locations.     

Combining scanning tunneling microscopy and synchrotron radiation for high-resolution imaging and spectroscopy with chemical, electronic, and magnetic contrast

The combination of high-brilliance synchrotron radiation with scanning tunneling microscopy opens the path to high-resolution imaging with chemical, electronic, and magnetic contrast. Here, the design and experimental results of an in-situ synchrotron enhanced x-ray scanning tunneling microscope (SXSTM) system are presented. The system is designed to allow monochromatic synchrotron radiation to enter the chamber, illuminating the sample with x-ray radiation, while an insulator-coated tip (metallic tip apex open for tunneling, electron collection) is scanned over the surface. A unique feature of the SXSTM is the STM mount assembly, designed with a two free-flex pivot, providing an angular degree of freedom for the alignment of the tip and sample with respect to the incoming x-ray beam. The system designed successfully demonstrates the ability to resolve atomic-scale corrugations. In addition, experiments with synchrotron x-ray radiation validate the SXSTM system as an accurate analysis technique for the study of local magnetic and chemical properties on sample surfaces. The SXSTM system's capabilities have the potential to broaden and deepen the general understanding of surface phenomena by adding elemental contrast to the high-resolution of STM.     

Keyboard operating posture and actuation force: implications for muscle over-use

A substantial proportion of the problems in keyboard operator 'Over-use Syndromes' occur in the wrist and finger extensor muscle group. Biomechanical analysis shows these muscles to be subject to substantial sustained static (isometric) muscle contraction during the work task. This study measured the maximum relaxed finger press forces for 60 subjects in three arm support methods, in order to predict what the minimum keypress force should be to permit finger support sufficient to facilitate relaxation of finger extensor muscles. It was postulated that the minimum key activation force should accommodate the 95 percentile predicted population relaxed finger weights. The predicted force of 0.8 newton is within limits previously proposed for performance criteria, and which have been found practical commercially.     

Universal Design for Learning: meeting the challenge of individual learning differences through a neurocognitive perspective

The traditional “one-size-fits-all” approach to curriculum denies the vast individual differences in learning strengths, challenges, and interests. The focus of this article is a novel approach, called Universal Design for Learning, to addressing the challenge of individual learner differences. Cognitive science research suggests the joint action of three broad sets of neural networks in cognition and learning: one that recognizes patterns, one that plans and generates patterns, and one that determines which patterns are important. These networks, referred to in this paper as recognition, strategic, and affective networks, are subject to individual differences that impact how individual students learn. This paper describes these networks and how the Universal Design for Learning framework makes use of this networks-based perspective to structure the consideration of individual learner differences and guide the design of a flexible, technology-rich curriculum that provides rich options for meeting diverse student needs.

Location management techniques for mobile systems

Locating users in mobile environment is an essential problem in PCS that becomes more challenging as the network size increases and the user population grows. In third generation mobile systems, the signaling traffic and processing overhead of location updates is expected to grow tremendously leading to poor performance. Therefore location management schemes should aim at reducing the cost of updates. Yet, the lookup delay should be kept minimum. This paper aims at classifying the various approaches used for location management of mobile users by grouping them into two main categories. The first category comprises techniques that focused on reducing the cost of looking up a user and adjusted the update process accordingly. These are classified into replication, caching and selective paging techniques. The second category consists of techniques that focused on reducing the cost of updates and maneuvered the update policy to reduce the lookup cost by informing the system with the maximum possible information about user's mobility. This could be achieved by the use of statistic collection, estimation or prediction processes. We classify those schemes into three main classes: schemes based on forwarding pointers, learning-based schemes and prediction-based schemes. By investigating the technical significance of each class a new direction for future research is proposed which favors the second category of location techniques and emphasis the importance of adopting suitable learning and prediction techniques to optimize the overall location cost.     

Enhanced Electrochemical CO2 Reduction of Cu@CuxO Nanoparticles Decorated on 3D Vertical Graphene with Intrinsic sp3‐type Defect

Defective 3D vertical graphene (VG) with a relatively large surface area, high defect density, and increased surface electrons is synthesized via a scalable plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition method, together with a postsynthesis Ar‐plasma treatment (VG‐Ar). Subsequently, Cu@Cu_xO nanoparticles are deposited onto VG‐Ar (Cu/VG‐Ar) through a galvanostatic pulsed electrodeposition method. These Cu@Cu_xO nanocatalyst systems exhibit a superior electrochemical CO₂ reduction performance when compared to Cu‐based catalysts supported on commercial graphene paper or pristine VG without postsynthesis Ar‐plasma treatment. The Cu/VG‐Ar achieves the highest CO₂ reduction Faradaic efficiency of 60.6% (83.5% of which are attributed to liquid products, i.e., formate, ethanol, and n‐propanol) with a 5.6 mA cm^?2 partial current density at ?1.2 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). The improved CO₂ reduction performance of Cu/VG‐Ar originates from the well‐dispersed Cu@Cu_xO nanoparticles deposited on the defective VG‐Ar. The intrinsic carbon defects on VG‐Ar can suppress the hydrogen evolution reaction as well as tune the interaction between VG and Cu@Cu_xO, thus impeding the excessive oxidation of Cu₂O species deposited on VG‐Ar. The defective VG‐Ar and stabilized Cu@Cu_xO enhances CO₂ adsorption and promotes electron transfer to the adsorbed CO₂ and intermediates on the catalyst surface, thus improving the overall CO₂ reduction performance.