地层测试资料在实际应用中若干问题浅析

华北油田冀中地区在十几年实践过程中，陆续开展了200多层次地层测试（或三开抽汲）及该试油层常规抽汲试油工作。通过对1300次测试资料特别是对200层复试资料的分析对比，认为测试资料对自喷层和中高产非自喷井是准确的，可以不必进行三开抽汲。对井壁深部污染、低渗透和特低渗透层还存在一些偏差，为解决探井中一些疑难问题，需要配合抽汲。     

基于单片机的多功能充电器的设计与实现

本课题主要研究基于单片机的多功能充电器,解决对不同电池的快速充电。通过对ATmega8的深入研究,利用它的高性能,设计完全实现了电池充电器设计的功能。本设计可以通过按键切换,对的密封铅酸电池(SLA)和镍镉电池(NiCd)进行充电,并通过LCD清楚地看到其充电状态。同时利用放大电路和Atmega8本身的AD转换器显示对电池电压和电流的实时测量,以较好的控制充电过程,保护电池。     

废胶粉改性再生粗骨料沥青混合料性能试验研究

基于将建筑垃圾与废旧橡胶循环使用的目的,研究分别以0％,50％和100％取代率的再生粗骨料替换沥青混合料中10mm～20mm的天然粗骨料后沥青混合料的性能试验,并进一步在不同再生粗骨料取代率的沥青混合料中以干法掺入20％,30％的废胶粉及以湿法掺入20％的废胶粉,研究不同废胶粉掺量及干掺、湿掺废胶粉后再生粗骨料沥青混合料的马歇尔及车辙试验.结果表明,当废胶粉掺量为0％时,随着再生粗骨料取代率的增多,马歇尔稳定度和动稳定度先增多后减小,流值增多,马歇尔模数和残留稳定度减小,而不论是干掺还是湿掺,马歇尔稳定度降低,流值增多,马歇尔模数和残留稳定度降低,但是湿法工艺降低程度低,动稳定度先增多后减小.因此,沥青混合料中建议再生粗骨料取代率低于50％,而废胶粉以低于20％的掺量湿法掺入.     

基于分形维数的絮凝效果定量化试验

研究了水力条件、物理化学条件等因素对絮凝体分形维数的影响,用聚合氯化铝做絮凝试验,观察絮凝体的电镜照片并计算了絮凝体的分形维数,结果表明,当水力停留时间从低于标准停留时间的20.00%逐渐增加到超过33.30%时,絮凝体的分形维数数值从低于标准值的5.13%逐渐增加到高于标准值的16.03%;絮凝剂投加量最佳时分形维数最大,投加量不足时分形维数的数值下降了17.06％～33.15％,投加量过量时分形维数的数值下降了22.65%~35.63%;实验表明絮凝体的分形维数与絮凝条件有显著的相关性,可以作为絮凝效果定量化研究的参数。     

A Dual Physical Cross-Linking Strategy to Construct Tough Hydrogels with High Strength,Excellent Fatigue Resistance,and Stretching-Induced Strengthening Effect

Hydrogels with excellent stiffness, toughness, anti-fatigue, and self-recovery properties are regarded as promising water-containing materials. In this work, a dual physically cross-linked (DPC) sodium alginate (SA)/poly[acrylamide (AAm)-acrylic acid (AAc)-octadecyl methacrylate (OMA)]-Fe³⁺ hydrogel is reported, which is constructed by hydrophobic association (HA) and ionic coordination (IC). The optimal DPC hydrogel demonstrates excellent mechanical performance: tensile modulus of 0.65 MPa, tensile strength of 3.31 MPa, elongation at break of 1547%, and toughness of 27.8 MJ m^–3. SA/P(AAm-AAc-OMA)-Fe³⁺ DPC hydrogels also exhibit prominent anti-fatigue and self-recovery performance (99.1–109.7% modulus recovery and 90.4–108.9% dissipated energy recovery after resting for 5 min without additional stimuli at ambient temperature) through the reconstruction of reversible physical cross-linking. Some of the SA/P(AAm-AAc-OMA)-Fe³⁺ DPC hydrogels even exhibit a stretching-induced strengthening effect, which is similar to the performance of muscle—“the more training, the more strength.” Hence, the combination of HA and IC will provide an effective approach to design DPC hydrogels with desirable mechanical performances and a longer service life for wider applications of soft materials.     

Preparation of Iron Filler-Based Photocomposites and Application in 3D Printing

The introduction of metallic fillers to polymers via the photopolymerization approach can endow the composite materials with some unique properties, but the relevant research is still scarce due to the issue of light penetration and inner filter effect. Herein, for the first time the fabrication of photocomposites based on fine iron powder (i.e., a typical kind of metallic filler) is reported in this work. The free radical polymerization of two different acrylate monomers, poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate and trimethylolpropane triacrylate, is performed in the presence of iron filler under mild conditions (i.e., light emitting diode (LED)@405 nm irradiation at room temperature under air). And the real-time Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy reveals remarkable photopolymerization kinetics of acrylates with high final conversions and fast polymerization rates despite the increasing contents of iron filler in the composites. Interestingly, the 3D printing technique is applied to the iron filler-based composites to produce tridimensional patterns with excellent spatial resolution. This work not only paves the way for the investigation of photocomposites based on metallic fillers through photochemical methods, but also broadens the potential application prospects.     

铈基SCR脱硝催化剂研究进展

近年来铈（Ce）基脱硝催化剂成为低温脱硝领域的研究热点,按载体类型可分为金属氧化物催化剂、二氧化钛载体催化剂、分子筛载体催化剂、活性炭及氧化铝载体催化剂等。按催化剂种类分别介绍了掺杂改性、制备工艺、反应条件等对催化剂性能的影响,并阐述了可能的原因机理。目前,铈基催化剂大多处于实验室阶段,工业化应用尚存在问题,尤其作为低温脱硝催化剂,活性中心堵塞问题更加突出,并且催化剂成本较高。未来可从催化剂制备工艺入手解决催化剂成型问题,以实现工业应用。同时探讨催化剂中毒机理,进一步提升其抗中毒能力。另外,寻求适宜的材料与铈掺杂组合,达到高效脱硝和经济效益最大化。     

Biosorption behaviors of Cu, Zn, Cd and mixture by waste activated sludge

Biosorption of heavy metal ions, such as Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺ and Zn²⁺, was carried out using waste activated sludge from municipal sewage treatment plant as adsorption material, and the effects of parameters, such as pH value, temperature, reaction time and sorption duration, were studied in detail. The results indicate that the removal rates of Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺ and Cd²⁺ with low concentration are 96.47%, 80% and 90%, respectively, adsorbed by waste activated sludge. Little effect of dosage of activated sludge on the adsorption of Cu²⁺ and more effects on the adsorption of Zn²⁺ and Cd²⁺ are observed. Little effect of temperature is observed, while pH value and adsorption time exert important influence on the sorption process. The adsorption behaviors of heavy metal ions all have parabolic relationships with pH value. The optimum pH value is between 6 and 10, and the optimum adsorption time is 1 h. In single heavy metal ion system, the sorption processes of Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺ and Cd²⁺ are in accordance with Freundlich model, which indicates that it is suitable for the treatment of these three heavy metal ions using intermittent operation. In addition, the sorption capacity of the sludge for Cu²⁺ is preferential to the other two ions.     

提高铸造高速钢模具韧性和耐磨性的研究

用RF－Mg-Ti对低碳铸造高速钢（6W6Mo5C44V)模具材料进行变质处理，消除了钢中网状共晶碳化物，细化了基体组织，减轻了W、Mo元素偏析，变质处理后，高速钢硬度，红硬性和强度变化不大，但断裂韧性（K1c)和疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值（ΔKth)有所提高，冲击韧性（ak)提高1倍以上，耐磨性也明显提高，各项性能指标达到了锻造高速钢水平，用RE－Mg-Ti变质处理低碳铸造高速钢，可以实现“以铸代锻”。     

Ti5Nb人工钉扎中心NbTi超导体的磁通钉扎机制分析

采用棒基组合的装配方法，用热挤压和冷加工相结合的工艺制备了岛状Ti5Nb人工钉扎中心NbTi超导体，其中Ti5Nb体积含量为10％。通过对此超导体进行详细的磁通钉扎机制分析，认为样品的磁通钉扎力特征主要由正常相钉扎和Δκ扎相结合的机制决定。根据分析的结果，采用多源标度方法，很好地拟合了不同线径样品的磁通钉扎力密度随磁场变化的曲线。拟合的结果表明：样品在较低场下的性能主要由正常相钉扎机制决定，而在较高场下的性能主要由Δκ钉扎机制决定。并且随着线径的减小，正常相钉扎力密度和Δκ钉扎力密度均有不同程度的提高。