EMBEDDED CONTRASTS IN RACE,MUNICIPAL FRAGMENTATION,AND PLANNING: DIVERGENT OUTCOMES IN THE DETROIT AND GREATER TORONTO–HAMILTON REGIONS 1990–2000

ABSTRACT: Since the early 1980s, scholars have debated whether or not the converging forces of globalization have disembedded city‐regions from their national contexts. This study explored this question through a comparison of post‐1990 growth trends in the Detroit and Greater Toronto Area–Hamilton regions (GTAH), two urban areas within the same natural region and closely linked by industrial production flows, yet politically situated within two separate Federalist states. Guided by Nested City Theory, it reveals how their dissimilar contexts for race, local autonomy, and multilocal planning have helped foster divergent spatial patterns in the two regions. In particular, provincial controls governing municipal fragmentation, Ontario's Planning Act, and subregional/microregional planning have been key embedded structures helping to limit population decline and disinvestment in GTAH core cities. In the process, this article shows how urban trajectories have remained nested within multilevel spatial and institutional configurations. Its findings also call for greater consideration of nested state/provincial factors in cross‐national comparisons of cities within Federal states. Finally, its conclusion offers a starting point toward a more nuanced specific version of Nested Theory to be called the Contextualized Model of Urban–Regional Development.     

Effects of Zirconium-Type Opacifiers on Properties of Glazes

The use of various zirconium-type opacifiers such as zircon, zirconia, and the alkaline-earth silicates of zirconium in fritted and raw glazes maturing in the range cones 06 to 04 and cones 9 to 11, respectively, and the properties of the resulting slips and fired glazes were investigated. Substitution of the various opacifiers was in each instance based on the molecular glaze composition. In the fritted glazes maturing at cones 06 to 04 where the use of all types of zirconium opacifiers was not possible without altering the molecular composition, optimum properties were obtained with zircon. In the raw type of glaze maturing at cones 9 to 11, in which a greater variety of opacifier substitutions could be made, combinations of the alkaline-earth silicates of zirconium as opacifiers produced a marked improvement in slip properties and a definite reduction in opacifier segregation compared with glazes opacified with zircon or with zirconia. Use of the alkaline-earth silicates of zirconium did not impair other fired properties such as opacity, gloss, texture, and finish.     

RELATION BETWEEN ETHNIC ORIGIN AND GSR REACTIVITY IN PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL DETECTION.

ANALYZED PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL DATA OF 3 JEWISH AND 1 BEDOUIN SAMPLES IN CONNECTION WITH THE DETECTABILITY OF A PREVIOUSLY CHOSEN CARD. SS OF NEAR EASTERN ORIGIN TENDED TO SHOW LOWER PULSE RATE, HIGHER BASIC SKIN CONDUCTANCE, AND LOWER RELEVANT GSR REACTIVITY. IT IS PROPOSED THAT PSYCHOCULTURAL DIFFERENCES MIGHT EXPLAIN THE CONSISTENT DIFFERENTIAL GSR REACTIVITY TO THE RELEVANT STIMULI. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Virtual histology by means of high‐resolution X‐ray CT

Micro‐CT is a non‐destructive technique for 3D tomographic investigation of an object. A 3D representation of the internal structure is calculated based on a series of X‐ray radiographs taken from different angles. The spatial resolution of current laboratory‐used micro‐CT systems has come down over the last years from a few tens of microns to a few microns. This opens the possibility to perform histological investigations in 3D on a virtual representation of a sample, referred to as virtual 3D histology. The advantage of micro‐CT based virtual histology is the immediate and automated 3D visualization of the sample without prior slicing, sample preparation like decalcification, photographing and aligning. This not only permits a drastic reduction in preparation time but also offers the possibility to easily investigate objects that are difficult to slice. This article presents results that were obtained on punch biopsies of horse skin, (dental) alveolus of ponies and chondro‐osseous samples from the tarsus of foals studied with the new high resolution micro‐CT set‐up (HRXCT) at the Ghent University (Belgium) ( http://www.ugct.ugent.be ). This state‐of‐the‐art set‐up provides a 1 micron resolution and is therefore ideally suited for a direct comparison with standard light microscopy–based histology.     

Using Quality Function Deployment to Select the Courses and Topics that Enhance Program Effectiveness

Decision science methods can be effective tools for enhancing organizational participation during strategic and complex decision processes. This involvement promotes development of group consensus for issues as difficult as relating organizational goals and the best methods to achieve them. In an academic context, such a process supports and enhances collegial participation. This paper describes an application of Quality Function Deployment (QFD) decision model to prioritize both courses and course content based on degree of impact on program objectives. The model was developed to quantify curricular decisions involved in restructuring a Masters of Engineering Management degree program. QFD supports selection of the courses and the curricular content that has the highest impact on program goals. The model provides a practical and quantitative methodology for developing faculty consensus in the selection of curricular topics based on a strategic program focus.     

Intelligent tool monitoring for machining†

The future-oriented concept of computer-integrated, flexibly automated manufacture reveals the first convincing results at present. They indicate a fundamental change of production modes. Due to the transition from order-neutral manufacture to manufacture bound by order, targets are developing that have to be met by flexible solutions of process automation of a new type. Finally, in order to achieve high flexibility of manufacture, monitoring and control strategies of a new type have to be developed. Tool monitoring is the focus of process monitoring. This will be shown by raised technological machine intelligence of flexible automated turning cells with the main components of sensor systems, control concept and process models for monitoring and control strategies. The process invariance to be aimed at for process monitoring now involves the development of such strategies applicable for a maximum value range of a maximum number of process, tool and machine tool parameters. For adaptive control systems at machining cells, the actual available machining time mentioned has to be included into the technological process model as a basis for self-optimization