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91.
Khan Muhammad Kashif Iqbal Maan Abid Aslam Aadil Rana Muhammad Nazir Akmal Butt Masood Sadiq Rashid Muhammad Imtiaz Afzal Muhammad Inam 《Food science and biotechnology》2020,29(4):513-519
Food Science and Biotechnology - Onion and ginger are rich sources of bioactive compounds which are lost during conventional drying process. The present study was designed to optimize the novel... 相似文献
92.
Abdulkadhim Fahad Ghalib Yi Zhang Onaizah Ameer N. Rabee Furkan Al-Muqarm Abbas Mohammed Ali 《Wireless Personal Communications》2022,124(1):815-838
Wireless Personal Communications - RTS/ CTS protocol serves multihop wireless networks poorly due to its single-hop design. TDMA protocol surpasses RTS/ CTS but unable to solve the dynamic needs of... 相似文献
93.
S. Hussain A. Qayyum Z. Ahmad S. Ahmad R. Khan F. Deeba M. A. Naveed Rafaqat Ali Mehboob Sadiq Najam us Saqib A. Ahmed M. Nazir H. A. Majeed S. Batool M. A. Javed N. Ahmed G. M. Vorobyov 《Journal of Fusion Energy》2016,35(3):529-537
This paper reports the initial plasma formation in glass spherical tokamak (GLAST-II) with electron cyclotron resonance pre-ionization assisted startup. Initially, a plasma current of 3 kA has been produced for duration of about 0.5 ms after establishing optimum conditions for microwave absorption at 2.45 GHz. Plasma current is then enhanced up to 5 kA by applying a small vertical magnetic field that provides additional plasma heating and shaping. Applied vertical field is optimized experimentally and optimal value is found to be 40 Gauss for this experiment. Plasma current and loop voltage are monitored by using Rogowski coil and toroidal loop of wire. A fast framing camera (5000 fps) is used for temporal investigation of plasma during the discharge scenario. A fast photodiode (BPX-65) and USB4000 spectrometer are used to record the signature of plasma current and the impurity content (O2, H etc.). Cross-sectional average electron temperature is also estimated from plasma resistivity and found to be 6.1 eV for maximum plasma current of 5 kA. 相似文献
94.
Husnain Haider Waris Ali Sajjad Haydar Solomon Tesfamariam Rehan Sadiq 《Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy》2014,16(5):861-874
Solar disinfection (SODIS) is widely practiced all around the world. The process requires variable exposure periods depending upon a number of process parameters (e.g., water turbidity, atmospheric temperature, and cloud cover conditions). This paper describes the development of a mathematical model to estimate required exposure period to achieve Fecal coliforms (FCs) removal for changing process parameters. Daily and hourly solar radiation were estimated and found to be suitable for SODIS application with intensity of 500 W/m2 over a period of 3–5 h/day. Randomized SODIS experiments over a period of 3 years were conducted to consider seasonal and weather variations. Six samples each for five levels of turbidity (0, 5, 10, 20, and 30 NTU) were exposed to sunlight under variable cloud cover conditions on different days during the 3-year sampling period. Samples were collected and analyzed for remaining FCs at different intervals in each sampling day. Analysis of variance revealed that turbidity and percent of cloud cover are the most significant process parameters. It was found that FCs die-off in SODIS bottles followed the first-order kinetics. Different data sets were used for the development and calibration of the model. The calibrated model was further verified against the literature. Simple characteristics curves have also been established for practical application at household level to estimate exposure periods. The study revealed a significant difference between the required exposure periods for different turbidity and cloud cover conditions. 相似文献
95.
96.
Jie Gao Xiyu Li Guohua Zhang Faizan Ahmed Sadiq Jesus Simal-Gandara Jianbo Xiao Yaxin Sang 《Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety》2021,20(4):3937-3982
The past two decades have witnessed a global surge in the application of probiotics as functional ingredients in food, animal feed, and pharmaceutical products. Among food industries, the dairy industry is the largest sector where probiotics are employed in a number of dairy products including sour/fermented milk, yogurt, cheese, butter/cream, ice cream, and infant formula. These probiotics are either used as starter culture alone or in combination with traditional starters, or incorporated into dairy products following fermentation, where their presence imparts many functional characteristics to the product (for instance, improved aroma, taste, and textural characteristics), in addition to conferring many health-promoting properties. However, there are still many challenges related to the stability and functionality of probiotics in dairy products. This review highlights the advances, opportunities, and challenges of application of probiotics in dairy industries. Benefits imparted by probiotics to dairy products including their role in physicochemical characteristics and nutritional properties (clinical and functional perspective) are also discussed. We transcend the traditional concept of the application of probiotics in dairy products and discuss paraprobiotics and postbiotics as a newly emerged concept in the field of probiotics in a particular relation to the dairy industry. Some potential applications of paraprobiotics and postbiotics in dairy products as functional ingredients for the development of functional dairy products with health-promoting properties are briefly elucidated. 相似文献
97.
Coffee is the leading worldwide beverage after water and its trade exceeds US $10 billion worldwide. Controversies regarding its benefits and risks still exist as reliable evidence is becoming available supporting its health promoting potential; however, some researchers have argued about the association of coffee consumption with cardiovascular complications and cancer insurgence. The health-promoting properties of coffee are often attributed to its rich phytochemistry, including caffeine, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, hydroxyhydroquinone (HHQ), etc. Many research investigations, epidemiological studies, and meta-analyses regarding coffee consumption revealed its inverse correlation with that of diabetes mellitus, various cancer lines, Parkinsonism, and Alzheimer's disease. Moreover, it ameliorates oxidative stress because of its ability to induce mRNA and protein expression, and mediates Nrf2-ARE pathway stimulation. Furthermore, caffeine and its metabolites help in proper cognitive functionality. Coffee lipid fraction containing cafestol and kahweol act as a safeguard against some malignant cells by modulating the detoxifying enzymes. On the other hand, their higher levels raise serum cholesterol, posing a possible threat to coronary health, for example, myocardial and cerebral infarction, insomnia, and cardiovascular complications. Caffeine also affects adenosine receptors and its withdrawal is accompanied with muscle fatigue and allied problems in those addicted to coffee. An array of evidence showed that pregnant women or those with postmenopausal problems should avoid excessive consumption of coffee because of its interference with oral contraceptives or postmenopausal hormones. This review article is an attempt to disseminate general information, health claims, and obviously the risk factors associated with coffee consumption to scientists, allied stakeholders, and certainly readers. 相似文献
98.
The effluents from tanning industries in and around Palar river basin are the major cause of Cr (III) pollution. Forty-five chromium (III) tolerant bacterial strains were isolated from the Palar river basin. Bacillus subtilis VITSCCr01 showed tolerance up to 1500 mg/l and its Cr (III) bioremoval capacity was 64%. Increasing the concentration of Cr (III) increased exopolysaccharide (EPS) production by the bacteria. FT-IR spectral studies confirmed the presence of polysaccharides in the Cr (III) treated bacteria. Adaptation of Bacillus subtilis VITSCCr01 with higher Cr (III) concentration improved the bioremoval capacity to 85%. SEM-EDX showed that the adapted bacteria accumulated high concentration of chromium. Bacillus subtilis VITSCCr01 could be used as a tool for in situ removal of Cr (III) especially in the tannery polluted environment. 相似文献
99.
Qiu Z Sadiq MR Démoré C Parker MF Marin P Mayne K Cochran S 《IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control》2011,58(9):1793-1803
Piezoelectric single crystal materials such as (x)Pb(Mg(1/3)Nb(2/3))O(3-)(1-x)PbTiO(3) (PMN-PT) have, by some measures, significantly better performance than established piezoelectric ceramics for ultrasound applications. However, they are also subject to phase transitions affecting their behavior at temperatures and pressures encountered in underwater sonar and actuator applications and in non-destructive testing at elevated temperatures. Materials with modified compositions to reduce these problems are now under development, but application-oriented characterization techniques need further attention. Characterization with temperature variation has been reported extensively, but the range of parameters measured is often limited and the effects of pressure variation have received almost no attention. Furthermore, variation in properties between samples is now rarely reported. The focus of this paper is an experimental system set up with commercially available equipment and software to carry out characterization of piezoelectric single crystals with variation in temperature, pressure, and electrical bias fields found in typical practical use. We illustrate its use with data from bulk thickness-mode PMN-29%PT samples, demonstrating variation among nominally identical samples and showing not only the commonly reported changes in permittivity with temperature for bulk material but also significant and complicated changes with pressure and bias field and additional ultrasonic modes which are attributed to material phase changes. The insight this provides may allow the transducer engineer to accelerate new material adoption in devices. 相似文献
100.
The authors investigate the performance of an asynchronous hybrid direct sequence/frequency-hopped spread-spectrum communication system in the presence of a combined multiple access interference, Rician fading and thermal noise. The system employs M-ary FSK modulation (M>2) and a non-coherent demodulator. Several forward error corrections are examined in this study.<> 相似文献