Effect of packaging materials and fluorescent light on HTST-pasteurized orange drink

Summary HTST-pasteurized orange drink packed in clear, green and amber glass bottles and coextruded wax laminated paper (TetraPak), was exposed to fluorescent light of 50–60 ft-C for 32 days at ambient room temperature. Chemical analysis revealed significant effect of packages and light on different quality parameters during storage (P<0.05). Ascorbic acid losses amounted 60.6%, 54.6%, 51.0%, and 45.5% in clear glass, green glass, TetraPak, and amber glass respectively against 42.4% in the unexposed control during 32 days storage. Titratable acidity, Brix, Brix-acid ratio, light transmission and cloud-settling generally showed an increasing pattern with advanced storage. Brown glass gave the best protection followed by TetraPak, green glass and clear glass. Evaluation of the drink for sensory components indicated a congruent pattern of changes in the ratings which correlated with the packaging materials tested.

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Einfluß der Verpackung und von fluoreszierendem Licht auf ultrahocherhitzten Orangensaft

Zusammenfassung Ultrahocherhitztes Orangengetränk in durchsichtigen, grünen bzw. gelbbraunen Glasflaschen und TetraPak-Verpackung wurde bei Raumtemperatur 32 Tage lang fluoreszierendem Licht (50–60 ft-C) ausgesetzt. Die chemische Analyse ergab einen signifikanten Einfluß der Verpackung and des Lichtes auf verschiedene Qualitätsparameter während der Lagerung (P<0,05). Die Ascorbinsäure-Verluste betrugen im durchsichtigen Glas 60,6%, im grünen Glas 54,6%, in TetraPak 51,0% und im gelbbraunen Glas 45,5% bezogen auf die Kontrollprobe mit 42,4% nach 32 Tagen. Der titrierbare Säuregrad, die Brix-Werte bzw. deren Verhältnis, die Lichtdurchlässigkeit und der Trub zeigten zunehmende Werte nit fortschreitender Lagerung. Danach gibt das braune Glas den besten Schutz, gefolgt von TetraPak, grünen Glas and schließlich durchsichtigen Glas. Die sensorische Wertung ging konform nit den Einfluß des Verpackungsmaterials.

     

Reduction of nickel and uranium toxicity and enhanced trichloroethylene degradation to Burkholderia vietnamiensis PR1301 with hydroxyapatite amendment

The use of hydroxyapatite (HA) to sequester metals at mixed waste sites may reduce metal toxicity and facilitate microbial degradation of cocontaminant organics. The constitutive trichloroethylene (TCE) degrader, Burkholderia vietnamiensis PR1301, grew at 34.1 and 1.7 mM Ni at pH 5 and 7, respectively, with 0.01 g mL(-1) HA compared to 17 and 0.85 mM Ni without HA. PR1 grew at 4.2 mM U at pH 5 and 7 with 0.01 g mL(-1) HA compared to 1.1 mM U without HA. A similar decrease in the toxicity of Ni and U in combination was observed with HA. The ability of PR1 to degrade TCE at 0.85, 1.7, and 3.4 mM Ni and at 0.42 and 1.1 mM U was examined. The presence of TCE resulted in a decreased tolerance of PR1 to Ni and U; however, HA facilitated TCE degradation in the presence of Ni and U, effectively doubling the metal concentrations at which TCE degradation proceeded. These studies suggest that metal sequestration via HA amendments may offer a feasible approach to reducing metal toxicity to microorganisms at mixed waste sites, thereby enhancing the degradation of cocontaminant organics.     

Potentiometric stripping analysis of selected heavy metals in biological materials

Different biological materials such as edible oils, refined and unrefined cane and beet sugar and tea (black and green) leaves were assayed for the heavy metals cadmium, copper, lead and zinc. The results revealed significant differences in heavy metal contents within each class of the biological materials (P < 0.05). Cadmium was not detectable in sugar samples. Among the oils, highest amounts of copper (0.263 μg/g) and lead (0.154 μg/g) were in corn oil and zinc in olive oil (3.01 μg/g) whereas cadmium exhibited a narrow range (0.023–0.033 μg/g). The samples of beet-sugar generally contained higher levels of the heavy metals than cane-sugar. Black and green tea leaves contained 0.411–0.908 μg Cd/g, 6.500–9.220 μg Cu/g, 2.200–5.238 μg Pb/g, and 14.500–25.180 μg Zn/g.     

Investigations of Structural and Magnetic Properties of Nanostructured Ni0.5+xZn0.5‐xFe2O4 Magnetic Feeders for CSEM Application

Marine CSEM is a new technique for detection of deep target hydrocarbons. Aluminum EM antenna was developed, and nanostructured NiZn magnetic feeders were used to increase the field strength from EM antenna for deep hydrocarbons. The doping of Ni²⁺ was aimed at the optimization of initial permeability and magnetic losses. Ni_0.5+xZn_0.5‐xFe₂O₄ (x = 0.3) samples sintered at 950°C presented highest initial permeability (106.23) and low magnetic loss (0.0002) as compared to other samples. Due to better magnetic properties, Ni_0.5+xZn_0.5‐xFe₂O₄ (x = 0.3) samples were used as magnetic feeders for EM antenna. Magnitude of EM waves from the antenna increased up to 186%.     

Effect of radiation and soaking on trypsin inhibitor and protein content of chickpea (Cicer arientinum L.)

Composition of Ascochyta-blight resistant chickpea for proximate components, vitamins, energy and trypsin inhibitor, was determined. The influence of irradiation and soaking at ambient temperatures (25–35°C) on trypsin inhibitor activity (TIA) and protein content of chickpea, was investigated. A significant linear relation (r = ?0.960 to ?0.987) was found between the loss of TIA and soaking time of irradiated and unirradiated seeds (p < 0.05) and the rate of loss increased with increasing radiation dose (0.25–1.00 kGy). However, effect of radiation alone was negligible. Maximum decrease (30.7%) in TIA (from 330.0 to 228.6 TIU/g) occurred during soaking for 12 h of 1.00 kGy sample. The protein contents increased from an initial value of 21.7% to 23.4% and 22.7% as a result of soaking for 12 h in tap and distilled waters respectively. Radiation treatment exhibited little or no effect.     

Phenolics and physico-chemical characteristics of persimmon during post-harvest storage

Garden picked mature but unripe fresh persimmon fruits were unipackaged in different thicknesses of polyethylene (PE) and stored at room (18.5-30 degrees C) and refrigerated temperature (6 +/- 1 degrees C). Maximum mean methanol extractable sinapine (0.168%), catechin (1.51%), and leucoanthocyanidine (10.94 delta A550/g) were recorded in the unipackaged samples kept at room temperature during 6 weeks storage, whereas the minimum values for water extractable phenolics (sinapin, catechin and procyanidin) were recorded in unipackaged samples under refrigerated temperature. The mean maximum weight loss of 12.58 and 7.90% was recorded in control samples kept at room temperature and low temperature, respectively. The weight loss for unipackaged in different thicknesses of PE ranged between 0.93-0.96% and 0.43-0.45% for samples kept at room and low temperature, respectively. Changes in texture values were significantly faster in control than unipackaged samples (P < 0.05). Low temperature combined with unipackaging in PE film performed better for the maintenance of overall fruit quality during post-harvest storage.     

Impact of salicylic acid and calcium chloride on quality attributes of peach stored at refrigeration temperature

Food Science and Biotechnology - Salicylic acid (SA) in different concentration were used to assess its individual effect as well as combined impact with 3% calcium chloride (CaCl2) on Swat No. 8...     

Exploring the Design and Spectroscopic Characteristics of PVA/Si3N4/SiBr4 New Structures for Electronics and Optics Devices

Silicon - This work aims to design of silicon nitride (Si3N4) and silicon bromide (SiBr4) doped polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as promising semiconductors materials which can be used in various...