CIRED 2001: Session 6 — Management, Organisation, Qualifikation

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Constraints als Schlüssel zu industriellen Konfigurator-Lösungen

Up-to-date products and systems in industry want to offer many features at low production cost. Using a toolbox of components, individual systems with many variants are configured. Configurators using knowledge-bases with constraints fulfil those requirements. This has been shown with large industry applications.     

Diamondoid Phosphines – Selective Phosphorylation of Nanodiamonds[1]

The diamondoids (nanodiamonds) diamantane and triamantane were selectively converted into diorganophosphinic acid chlorides by reacting them with phosphorus trichloride under Friedel–Crafts‐like conditions. The di‐diamondoid phosphinic acid chlorides were subsequently reduced with trichlorosilane to give the hitherto unknown corresponding di‐diamondoid phosphines. These diamondoid phosphinic acid chlorides and phosphines are of great utility as starting materials in organo‐element and coordination chemistry due to their extraordinary rigidity and steric bulk.     

An ultrasonic approach to localization of fiducial markers forinteractive, image-guided neurosurgery. I. Principles

Fiducial markers are reference points used in the registration of image space(s) with physical (patient) space. As applied to interactive, image-guided surgery, the registration of image space with physical space allows the current location of a surgical tool to be indicated on a computer display of patient-specific preoperative images. This intrasurgical guidance information is particularly valuable in surgery within the brain, where visual feedback is limited. The accuracy of the mapping between physical and image space depends upon the accuracy with which the fiducial markers were located in each coordinate system. To effect accurate space registration for interactive, image-guided neurosurgery, the use of permanent fiducial markers implanted into the surface of the skull is proposed in this paper. These small cylindrical markers are composed of materials that make them visible in the image sets. The challenge lies in locating the subcutaneous markers in physical space. This paper presents an ultrasonic technique for transcutaneously detecting the location of these markers. The technique incorporates an algorithm based on detection of characteristic properties of the reflected A-mode ultrasonic waveform. The results demonstrate that ultrasound is an appropriate technique for accurate transcutaneous marker localization. The companion paper to this article describes an automatic, enhanced implementation of the marker-localization theory described in this article     

Einflußgrößen auf die Schweiß;kraft elektrischer Kontaktstücke in der Energietechnik

Parameters Influencing the Welding Force of Electric Contacts in Power Engineering . Main parameters influencing the accumulated frequency distribution of the welding force using bouncing contacts are: contact force, closing velocity, duration of bouncing, number of operations, testcurrent, phase displacement, frequency, moment of contact in relation to current zero at inductive load. The statistical distribution over a wide range of the values of the welding force is traced back on the relative position of the weldings on the surfaces of the contacts by means of a model. The influence of duration of bouncing, number of operations, contact force, opening velocity, value of test current and polarity on the welding force is described by accumulated frequency distribution plottings for various contact materials when making contact synchronous- and asynchronously.     

Microcalorimetric measurement of reaction enthalpies in solutions of uranium and neptunium compounds

The formation of complexes of uranyl and neptunyl (VI) ions with carbonate and hydrogen carbonate has been studied by titration microcalorimetry. The measurements were carried out with a computer-controlled microcalorimeter which is described in detail. Sample volumes are typically in the range of 1.5 to 2.5 ccm, containing about 0.05 millimole of the ionic species to be studied. The small volume renders the calorimeter useful for the measurement of uncommon and strongly radioactive substances.Enthalpies of reaction were obtained for the formation of the dicarbonato and the tricarbonato uranyl ions in a sulfate medium of ionic strength 1.6. The enthalpies are $\text{ΔH}{}_2\text{= ?39.6 ± 1 kJ/mol}$ and $\text{ΔH}{}_3\text{= ?57.5 ± 1.5 kJ/mol}$, for the dicarbonato- and the tricarbonato-uranyl ions, respectively. The titration data for the neptunyl (VI) — carbonate system yield a value of $\text{ΔH}{}_{\mathrm{Np}}\text{?50 ± 2 kJ/mol}$ for the tricarbonato-neptunyl ion when interpreted in analogy to the uranyl system.     

Relationship between udder and leg hygiene scores and subclinical mastitis

The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between udder and leg hygiene scores of lactating dairy cattle and measures of subclinical mastitis. Study animals (n = 1250) consisted of lactating dairy cows from eight commercial dairy farms. Herds were enrolled during December 2000 and January 2001 and were visited bimonthly for a total of five visits per herd. Udder and leg hygiene scores were recorded by one person using a four-point scale ranging from one (very clean) to four (very dirty). Udder and leg hygiene scores were compared to bacteriological cultures of milk samples and monthly individual SCC values. Mean hygiene scores were 2.09 and 2.33 for udders and legs, respectively. Udder hygiene scores (UHS) were significantly associated with leg hygiene scores and varied among farms. Linear somatic cell scores increased as udder hygiene score increased. Significant differences in somatic cell scores were observed for all contrasts of udder hygiene score, except between scores of 1 and 2 and of 3 and 4. Linear somatic cell scores were associated with leg hygiene scores, but the only significant contrast was between leg hygiene scores of 2 and 4. There was a significant association between the prevalence of intramammary contagious pathogens and udder hygiene score. The prevalence of intramammary environmental pathogens was significantly associated with udder hygiene score and was 7.7, 10.0, 10.6, and 13.5% for UHS of 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. The prevalence of environmental pathogens was not associated with LHS. Cows with udder hygiene scores of 3 and 4 were 1.5 times more likely to have major pathogens isolated from milk samples compared with cows with hygiene scores of 1 and 2.