全文获取类型
收费全文 | 90672篇 |
免费 | 1137篇 |
国内免费 | 412篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 856篇 |
综合类 | 2317篇 |
化学工业 | 12529篇 |
金属工艺 | 4882篇 |
机械仪表 | 3214篇 |
建筑科学 | 2414篇 |
矿业工程 | 581篇 |
能源动力 | 1383篇 |
轻工业 | 4160篇 |
水利工程 | 1357篇 |
石油天然气 | 371篇 |
武器工业 | 2篇 |
无线电 | 9773篇 |
一般工业技术 | 17439篇 |
冶金工业 | 4489篇 |
原子能技术 | 296篇 |
自动化技术 | 26158篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 59篇 |
2021年 | 91篇 |
2020年 | 80篇 |
2019年 | 98篇 |
2018年 | 14518篇 |
2017年 | 13456篇 |
2016年 | 10058篇 |
2015年 | 696篇 |
2014年 | 359篇 |
2013年 | 513篇 |
2012年 | 3401篇 |
2011年 | 9820篇 |
2010年 | 8598篇 |
2009年 | 5799篇 |
2008年 | 7129篇 |
2007年 | 8111篇 |
2006年 | 426篇 |
2005年 | 1496篇 |
2004年 | 1354篇 |
2003年 | 1403篇 |
2002年 | 783篇 |
2001年 | 232篇 |
2000年 | 304篇 |
1999年 | 191篇 |
1998年 | 370篇 |
1997年 | 253篇 |
1996年 | 227篇 |
1995年 | 161篇 |
1994年 | 150篇 |
1993年 | 140篇 |
1992年 | 103篇 |
1991年 | 81篇 |
1990年 | 78篇 |
1989年 | 71篇 |
1988年 | 73篇 |
1987年 | 56篇 |
1986年 | 88篇 |
1985年 | 68篇 |
1984年 | 58篇 |
1983年 | 53篇 |
1982年 | 49篇 |
1981年 | 45篇 |
1980年 | 45篇 |
1977年 | 66篇 |
1976年 | 69篇 |
1968年 | 52篇 |
1966年 | 55篇 |
1965年 | 49篇 |
1955年 | 66篇 |
1954年 | 68篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
101.
Non-redundant data clustering 总被引:6,自引:6,他引:0
Data clustering is a popular approach for automatically finding classes, concepts, or groups of patterns. In practice, this
discovery process should avoid redundancies with existing knowledge about class structures or groupings, and reveal novel,
previously unknown aspects of the data. In order to deal with this problem, we present an extension of the information bottleneck
framework, called coordinated conditional information bottleneck, which takes negative relevance information into account by maximizing a conditional mutual information score subject to
constraints. Algorithmically, one can apply an alternating optimization scheme that can be used in conjunction with different
types of numeric and non-numeric attributes. We discuss extensions of the technique to the tasks of semi-supervised classification
and enumeration of successive non-redundant clusterings. We present experimental results for applications in text mining and
computer vision. 相似文献
102.
103.
S. Abiraman H. K. Varma T. V. Kumari P. R. Umashankar Annie John 《Bulletin of Materials Science》2002,25(5):419-429
This study investigates quantitatively and qualitatively the sol-gel derived bioactive glass-ceramic system (BGS)—apatite-wollastonite
(AW) type granules in the size range of 0.5–1 mm, as an effective graft material for bone augmentation and restoration. Scanning
electron micrographs (SEM) of the sintered granules revealed the rough material surface with micropores in the range 10–30
μm. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the granules revealed the presence of crystalline phases of the hydroxyapatite and
wollastonite, and the functional groups of the silicate and phosphates were identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
(FT-IR). Thein vitro cell culture studies with L929 mouse fibroblast cell line showed very few cells adhered on the BGS disc after 24 h. This
could be due to the highly reactive surface of the disc concomitant with the crystallization but not due to the cytotoxicity
of the material, since the cellular viability (MTT assay) with the material was 80‰ Cytotoxicity and cytocompatibility studies
proved that the material was non-toxic and biocompatible. After 12 weeks of implantation of the BGS granules in the tibia
bone of New Zealand white rabbits, the granules were found to be well osteointegrated, as observed in the radiographs. Angiogram
with barium sulphate and Indian ink after 12 weeks showed the presence of microcapillaries in the vicinity of the implant
site implicating high vascularity. Gross observation of the implant site did not show any inflammation or necrosis. SEM of
the implanted site after 24 weeks revealed good osteointegration of the material with the newly formed bone and host bone.
New bone was also observed within the material, which was degrading. Histological evaluation of the bone healing with the
BGS granules in the tibial defect at all time intervals was without inflammation or fibrous tissue encapsulation. After 2
weeks the new bone was observed as a trabeculae network around the granules, and by 6 weeks the defect was completely closed
with immature woven bone. By 12 weeks mature woven bone was observed, and new immature woven bone was seen within the cracks
of the granules. After 24 weeks the defect was completely healed with lamellar bone and the size of the granules decreased.
Histomorphometrically the area percentage of new bone formed was 67.77% after 12 weeks and 63.37% after 24 weeks. Less bone
formation after 24 weeks was due to an increased implant surface area contributed by the material degradation and active bone
remodeling. The osteostimulative and osteoconductive potential of the BGS granules was established by tetracycline labelling
of the mineralizing areas by 2 and 6 weeks. This sol-gel derived BGS granules proved to be bioactive and resorbable which
in turn encouraged active bone formation. 相似文献
104.
Jennifer G. Winter M. Catherine Eimers Peter J. Dillon Lem D. Scott Wolfgang A. Scheider Campbell C. Willox 《Journal of Great Lakes research》2007,33(2):381-396
Total phosphorus (TP) inputs to Lake Simcoe have led to hypolimnetic dissolved oxygen (DO) depletion and loss of cold water fish habitat. Since 1990, efforts have been made to reduce the total TP input to the lake below a defined target of 75 t/year, which was predicted to lead to reductions in spring TP concentration and improvements in end-of-summer hypolimnetic DO concentrations. The total TP load to the lake during the most recent period of record (1998/99-2003/04) ranged from 53 to 76 t/yr and averaged 67 t/yr, compared to an average of 114 t/yr estimated between 1990/91 and 1997/98 (range 85-157 t/yr). Reductions in TP loads from the catchment via tributary discharge (∼26 t) accounted for the majority of the decrease in total load between the two time periods. Total P concentrations decreased significantly in four out of six long-term monitored tributaries; however, concentrations in all six tributaries remain above the level recommended to avoid nuisance plant growth (30 μg/L). Although TP loads to the lake are currently below the target 75 t/yr, excessive growths of filamentous algae and macrophytes continue to be a problem in the nearshore zone. End-of-summer minimum hypolimnetic DO concentrations (average 4.3 mg/L, 1998/99-2003/04) remain substantially below the level (7 mg/L) that is considered protective of lake trout. Efforts to reduce TP loads to the lake therefore need to continue. 相似文献
105.
An orthogonal basis for the hyperbolic hybrid polynomial space 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Motivated by the wide usage of the Tchebyshev basis and Legendre basis in the algebra polynomial space, we construct an orthogonal basis with the properties of the H-Bézier basis in the hyperbolic hybrid polynomial space, which is similar to the Legendre basis and holds remarkable properties. Moreover, we derive the transformation matrices that map the H-Bézier basis and the orthogonal basis forms into each other. An example for approximating the degree reduction of the H- Bézier curves is sketched to illustrate the utility of the orthogonal basis. 相似文献
106.
The famous Antosik-Mikusinski convergent theorem on the Abel topological groups has very extensive applications in measure theory, summation theory and other analysis fields. In this paper, we establish the theorem on a class of effect algebras equipped with the ideal topology. This paper shows also that the ideal topology of effect algebras is a useful topology in studying the quantum logic the- ory. 相似文献
107.
Influences of land use/cover on water quality in the upper and middle reaches of River Njoro, Kenya 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
William A. Shivoga Mucai Muchiri Samuel Kibichi Jethro Odanga Scott N. Miller Tracy J. Baldyga Eric M. Enanga Maina C. Gichaba 《Lakes & Reservoirs: Research and Management》2007,12(2):97-105
Data from 10 sampling sites along the River Njoro are used to examine the contribution of nutrients from upstream land uses draining each of the sampling sites. The data also are used to assess whether both the proportion of land uses and the size of the subwatersheds account for the variability in water quality in the River Njoro watershed. Geographical Information System analysis was used to determine the spatial distribution of land‐cover types and subwatersheds contributing run‐off to the sampling sites in the River Njoro. Standard Digital Elevation Model‐based routines were used to establish the watershed area contributing run‐off to each sampling site. Water and sediment samples were collected for chemical analysis, and the nutrient levels were related to the upstream land‐use types and the size of the subwatersheds. The mid‐stream portion of the River Njoro (near Egerton University) accounts for the highest nutrient contributions. The percentage contribution is magnified by additions from industrial, human settlements and agricultural land uses around the University. There is a significant decrease in nutrient levels downstream, however, indicating natural purification as the river flows through an area of large‐scale farming with intense, well‐preserved riparian and in‐stream vegetation. Steep slopes of the land upstream of Egerton University enhance erosion and nutrient losses from those subwatersheds. Mixed small‐scale agricultural and bare lands contribute over 55% of the phosphorus load to the upper and mid‐reaches of the River Njoro. The size of the subwatershed accounts for about 53% of the variability in the soluble phosphorus in the river. The land‐use subwatershed proportions are important for characterizing and modelling water quality in the River Njoro watershed. Upland land uses are as important as near‐stream land uses. We suggest that conservation of intact riparian corridor along the river and its tributaries contributes significantly to natural purification processes and recovery of the ecological integrity of the River Njoro ecosystem. 相似文献
108.
Samuel L. Manzello Richard G. Gann Scott R. Kukuck Kuldeep Prasad Walter W. Jones 《火与材料》2007,31(5):297-310
A gypsum wall assembly was exposed to an intense real‐scale compartment fire. For the wall assembly, temperatures were measured at the exposed face, within the stud cavity, and at the unexposed face during the fire exposure. Total heat flux gauges were used to measure the temporal variation of the energy incident on the walls, and cameras, both visual and infrared, were used to image the unexposed face of the wall assembly during the fire exposure. The behaviour of the wall assembly under the fire load is discussed as are current model results for a simulation of the fire test. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
109.
110.
In this study, distribution and history of residual stresses in plaque-like geometries are simulated based on linear thermoviscoelastic
model, which helps to understand the mechanics and evolution of the residual stresses in the injection molding process. The
numerical calculation of direction, combined with the specified boundary conditions. Results show that the stress variation
across the thickness exhibits a high surface tensile value changing to a compressive peak value close to the surface, with
the core region experiencing a parabolic tensile peak. Residual stress distribution throughout the thickness is almost same
along the flowpath and the final residual stresses value near the gate is lower than the value near the end of flowpath. 相似文献