SBS测试方法及机理研究

准确确定SBS掺量对控制改性沥青质量至关重要,文章首先选取了天然沥青、石油沥青和煤沥青3类、6个标号、8个品牌、16个试样,采用傅里叶红外光谱仪进行了研究。结果显示,天然沥青、煤沥青的特征峰和石油沥青差异显著,石油沥青共出现5处明显公共吸收峰,其中反应苯环结构的特征峰显著。机理分析表明,SBS中的反式丁二烯为不合苯环结构官能团,据此,选取SBS的反式丁二烯的特征吸收峰进行了研究,发现该吸收峰所在的965 cm~(-1)处吸光度值与SBS掺量线性关系良好,说明可以采用红外光谱法测定SBS中反式丁二烯来确定改性剂掺量。     

Microwave joining of two long hollow tubes: an asymptotic theory and numerical simulations

A nonlinear heat equation which models the microwave assisted joining of two large SiC tubes is analyzed. By exploiting the small fineness ratio of the structure and disparate time scales an asymptotic theory for this problem is systematically deduced. Specifically, a one-dimensional nonlinear heat equation is described which governs the temperature in the outer region. This is a numerically well posed problem and it is efficiently solved using standard methods. This solution is not valid in the inner region which includes the microwave source. An inner asymptotic approximation is derived to describe the temperature in this region. This approximation yields two unknown functions which are determined from matching to the outer solution. The results of the asymptotic theory are compared to calculations done on the full problem. Since the full problem is numerically ill conditioned, the asymptotic theory yields enormous savings in computational time and effort.     

使用.NET Framework 2．0安全承载不受信任的外接程序

通过使用动态程序集加载和反射，托竹代码提供了通过外接程序轻松扩展直用程序的方法。但是，当允许应用程序通过外接程序模型运行任意代码时，就将用户计算机暴露在潜住的未知代码之下，有很大风险，恶意代码可能会使用您的应用程序作为进入用户数据的入口点。可以采用若干方法缩小应用程序的攻击面，防止恶意代码或不稳定代码破坏用户计算机——戒者防止敏感数据被窃取。     

Mathematical approximation techniques in biophysical models

The mathematical characterization of biophysical problems often leads to certain transcendental functions which must be evaluated to fully appreciate the significance of the mathematical model. In illustration, many mathematical models concerned with wave propagation and transmission of fluids through elastic tubes require treatment of the various kinds of Bessel functions and their ratios. In my recent work (The Special Functions and Their Approximations, Volumes 1 and 2, Academic Press, 1969) polynomial, rational and infinite series expansions in series of Chebyshev polynomials are developed for a wide class of transcendental functions which include Bessel functions as special cases. In numerous instances, tables of coefficients are presented. In the present paper, we show how these ideas can be exploited to yield economic methods for the evaluation of Bessel functions arising in the problems cited. As the approximations can be given in closed form, they can be easily applied to further simplify available closed form analyses.     

An overview of geoengineering of climate using stratospheric sulphate aerosols

We provide an overview of geoengineering by stratospheric sulphate aerosols. The state of understanding about this topic as of early 2008 is reviewed, summarizing the past 30 years of work in the area, highlighting some very recent studies using climate models, and discussing methods used to deliver sulphur species to the stratosphere. The studies reviewed here suggest that sulphate aerosols can counteract the globally averaged temperature increase associated with increasing greenhouse gases, and reduce changes to some other components of the Earth system. There are likely to be remaining regional climate changes after geoengineering, with some regions experiencing significant changes in temperature or precipitation. The aerosols also serve as surfaces for heterogeneous chemistry resulting in increased ozone depletion. The delivery of sulphur species to the stratosphere in a way that will produce particles of the right size is shown to be a complex and potentially very difficult task. Two simple delivery scenarios are explored, but similar exercises will be needed for other suggested delivery mechanisms. While the introduction of the geoengineering source of sulphate aerosol will perturb the sulphur cycle of the stratosphere signicantly, it is a small perturbation to the total (stratosphere and troposphere) sulphur cycle. The geoengineering source would thus be a small contributor to the total global source of 'acid rain' that could be compensated for through improved pollution control of anthropogenic tropospheric sources. Some areas of research remain unexplored. Although ozone may be depleted, with a consequent increase to solar ultraviolet-B (UVB) energy reaching the surface and a potential impact on health and biological populations, the aerosols will also scatter and attenuate this part of the energy spectrum, and this may compensate the UVB enhancement associated with ozone depletion. The aerosol will also change the ratio of diffuse to direct energy reaching the surface, and this may influence ecosystems. The impact of geoengineering on these components of the Earth system has not yet been studied. Representations for the formation, evolution and removal of aerosol and distribution of particle size are still very crude, and more work will be needed to gain confidence in our understanding of the deliberate production of this class of aerosols and their role in the climate system.     

The synthesis,swelling behaviour and rheological properties of chemically crosslinked thermosensitive copolymers based on <Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-isopropylacrylamide

In this contribution thermosensitive polymer matrices based on N-isopropylacrylamide have been developed. The hydrogels were prepared by photopolymerisation of N-isopropylacrylamide and 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone in appropriate amounts of distilled water. The monomers were cured using a UV-light sensitive initiator called 1-hydroxycyclohexylphenylketone. These copolymers were crosslinked using ethylene glycol dimethacrylate and poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate with molecular weights 600 and 1,000, at 0.1 wt% of the total monomer content. The chemical structure of the xerogels was characterised by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and the transition temperature of the hydrogels was determined using modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC). By altering the feed ratio, hydrogels were synthesised to have lower critical solution temperatures (LCST) around 37 °C. This ability to shift the phase transition temperature of the gels provides excellent flexibility in tailoring transitions for specific uses. The samples synthesised with PEG1000DMA crosslinking agents absorbed over 18 times their weight in water, while maintaining good gel integrity thus falling marginally short of being characterised as superabsorbent. Each of the samples showed similar deswelling behaviour at 37 °C. Rheological studies showed that increasing the molecular weight of the crosslinking agent caused an increase in hydrogel strength.     

Contact conductivity detection in poly(methyl methacrylate)-based microfluidic devices for analysis of mono- and polyanionic molecules

An on-column contact conductivity detector was developed for the analysis of various mono- and polyanionic compounds separated by electrophoresis chips fabricated in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) using hot embossing techniques from Ni electroforms. The detector consisted of a pair of Pt wires (127 microm diameter) with an end-to-end spacing of approximately 20 microm and situated within the fluidic channel. The waveform applied to the electrode pair was a bipolar pulse with a frequency of 5.0 kHz and was used to reduce the charging current from measurement so that the current recorded at the end of one pulse is more representative of the solution conductivity. Using the detector, separations of amino acids, peptides, proteins, and oligonucleotides were demonstrated. For the amino acids and peptides, free-solution zone electrophoresis was performed. A calibration plot for the amino acid alanine was found to be linear from approximately 10 to 100 nM in a carrier electrolyte consisting of 10 mM triethylamonium acetate. The concentration detection limit was found to be 8.0 nM, with the corresponding mass detection limit equal to 3.4 amol (injection volume = 425 pL). The protein separations with conductivity detection were performed using MEKC, in which the carrier electrolyte contained the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) above its cmc. Near baseline resolution was achieved in the PMMA microchip for a solution containing 8 different proteins. In the case of the DNA fragments, capillary electrochromatography was used with a C18-modified PMMA chip and a carrier electrolyte containing an ion-pairing agent.     

Plasmonic modes of annular nanoresonators imaged by spectrally resolved cathodoluminescence

We report the observation of plasmonic modes of annular resonators in nanofabricated Ag and Au surfaces that are imaged by spectrally resolved cathodoluminescence. A highly focused 30 keV electron beam is used to excite localized surface plasmons that couple to collective resonant modes of the nanoresonators. We demonstrate unprecedented resolution of plasmonic mode excitation and by combining these observations with full-field simulations find that cathodoluminescence in plasmonic nanostructures is most efficiently excited at positions corresponding to antinodes in the modal electric field intensity.     

Adaptive beam shaping by controlled thermal lensing in optical elements

We describe an adaptive optical system for use as a tunable focusing element. The system provides adaptive beam shaping via controlled thermal lensing in the optical elements. The system is agile, remotely controllable, touch free, and vacuum compatible; it offers a wide dynamic range, aberration-free focal length tuning, and can provide both positive and negative lensing effects. Focusing is obtained through dynamic heating of an optical element by an external pump beam. The system is especially suitable for use in interferometric gravitational wave interferometers employing high laser power, allowing for in situ control of the laser modal properties and compensation for thermal lensing of the primary laser. Using CO(2) laser heating of fused-silica substrates, we demonstrate a focal length variable from infinity to 4.0 m, with a slope of 0.082 diopter/W of absorbed heat. For on-axis operation, no higher-order modes are introduced by the adaptive optical element. Theoretical modeling of the induced optical path change and predicted thermal lens agrees well with measurement.