应用三维相干技术进行精细地震解释

三维相干数据技术是利用三维地震数据体中相邻道之间地震信号的相似性来描述地层、岩性的横向非均匀性。本文介绍了多道相关技术的数学原理,实际应用证明,三维相干技术不仅可以快速、准确地确定断层的平面展布及其细节特征,而且可以利用其提供的地层产状信息研究目标储层的构造沉积演化体系。     

Water-gas shift reaction over CuO/CeO2 catalysts: Effect of CeO2 supports previously prepared by precipitation with different precipitants

A series of CeO₂ supports were firstly prepared by precipitation method with NH₃⋅H₂O (NH), (NH₄)₂CO₃ (NC) and K₂CO₃ (KC) as precipitant, respectively, and then CuO/CeO₂ catalysts were fabricated by depositing CuO on the as-obtained CeO₂ supports by deposition-precipitation method. The effect of CeO₂ supports prepared from different precipitants on the catalytic performance, physical and chemical properties of CuO/CeO₂ catalysts was investigated with the aid of XRD, N₂-physisorption, N₂O chemisorption, FT-IR, TG, H₂-TPR, CO₂-TPD and cyclic voltammetry (CV) characterizations. The CuO/CeO₂ catalysts were examined with respect to their catalytic performance for the water-gas shift reaction, and their catalytic activities and stabilities are ranked as: CuO/CeO₂-NH > CuO/CeO₂-NC > CuO/CeO₂-KC. Correlating to the characteristic results, it is found that the CeO₂ support prepared by precipitation with NH₃⋅H₂O as precipitant (i.e., CeO₂-NH-300) has the best thermal stability and least surface “carbonate-like” species, which make the corresponding CuO/CeO₂-NH catalyst presents the highest Cu-dispersion, the highest microstrain (i.e., the highest surface energy) of CuO, the strongest reducibility and the weakest basicity. While, the precipitants that contain CO₃^2- (e.g. (NH₄)₂CO₃ and K₂CO₃) result in more surface “carbonate-like” species of CeO₂ supports and CuO/CeO₂ catalysts. As a result, CuO/CeO₂-NC and CuO/CeO₂-KC catalysts present poor catalytic performance.     

Analysis of Impacts of Climate Change and Human Activities on Hydrological Drought: a Case Study in the Wei River Basin,China

Climate change and human activity are the two major drivers that can alter hydrological cycle processes and influence the characteristics of hydrological drought in river basins. The present study selects the Wei River Basin (WRB) as a case study region in which to assess the impacts of climate change and human activity on hydrological drought based on the Standardized Runoff Index (SRI) on different time scales. The Generalized Additive Models in Location, Scale and Shape (GAMLSS) are used to construct a time-dependent SRI (SRI_var) considering the non-stationarity of runoff series under changing environmental conditions. The results indicate that the SRI_var is more robust and reliable than the traditional SRI. We also determine that different driving factors can influence the hydrological drought evolution on different time scales. On shorter time scales, the effects of human activity on hydrological drought are stronger than those of climate change; on longer time scales, climate change is considered to be the dominant factor. The results presented in this study are beneficial for providing a reference for hydrological drought analysis by considering non-stationarity as well as investigating how hydrological drought responds to climate change and human activity on various time scales, thereby providing scientific information for drought forecasting and water resources management over different time scales under non-stationary conditions.     

景洪水电站右冲沙底孔坝段加固处理设计

景洪水电站碾压混凝土重力坝坝顶高程612m，最大坝高110m，坝顶总长704m，其中右冲沙底孔坝段坝轴线方向长23．5m，水流向长270．7m。鉴于右冲沙底孔坝段，在施工期兼作一期、二期纵向围堰，在运行期又作为厂房右端墙的一部分，两侧将承受不同频率洪水位下的水压力，可能存在侧向失稳的问题，需对其侧向稳定性和基础应力进行复核计算。经复核计算发现，在二期导流期间，右冲沙底孔D0＋065m～D0＋240m段建基面抗倾覆稳定不能满足规范要求，且右侧垂直拉应力较大，有可能对坝体结构产生破坏。因此，有针对性地采取了一系列工程措施对右冲沙底孔D0＋065m～D0＋240m段进行了综合性的加固处理，从而确保了二期导流期间右冲沙底孔的安全及工程施工的顺利进行。     

集散式自动测试技术应用

介绍钢丝、钢丝绳力学性能集散式自动测试技术。通过在试验机上安装具有智能化功能的测量装置,对试验数据进行自动测量和采集,并将试验数据自动传送到服务器进行处理,最后自动生成试验报告。结果显示,集散式系统的实施使拉力试验工作效率提高了40%;扭转和弯曲试验工作效率提高了15%;试验报告判定工作效率提高了30%,同时实现了试验数据的资源共享。     

页岩气藏储层压裂实验评价关键技术

页岩气藏勘探开发潜力巨大,因其基质具有超低渗透特点,使得开发过程中需要进行大规模水力压裂,裂缝网络是获得工业性气流的关键。页岩气井的缝网压裂设计有别于常规低渗透砂岩储层压裂设计,特殊的室内实验评价技术是缝网压裂设计的重中之重。为此,从常规的压裂实验评价入手,分析对比了致密砂岩气与页岩气储层力学性质特征,针对页岩岩石脆性特征以及储层岩心敏感性等实验评价关键技术,开展了大量的实验评价研究,并与现场压裂缝高示踪剂监测、地面微地震裂缝监测结果进行了对比分析。所取得的认识可为页岩储层实验评价分析及缝网压裂优化设计提供参考。     

焦化装置弹丸焦生成的原因及对策

通过生成弹丸焦的实例分析,确定弹丸焦的生成主要与原料中含有较多的沥青质有关.残炭值与沥青质含量之比<1.4为生成弹丸焦的判定条件.指出通过降低炉出口温度、提高操作压力、提高循环比等措施可以抑制掸丸焦的生成,但提高循环比要根据原料情况而定,不适用于含较多轻组分的原料.     

巴楚-麦盖提地区油气成藏的输导系统

巴楚-麦盖提地区油气运移通道以断裂、不整合面、储层孔、洞、缝为主,且相互联通构成输导网络;在8期主要不整合中,T₆⁰,T₅⁵不整合面在全区为开启,T₇⁰,T₅⁴不整合面在巴楚隆起南界断裂构造带为开启;由于多期构造活动,断裂、孔、洞、缝均为有效开启,为有效油气运移通道。根据油气动态成藏原理分析,加里东晚期-海西早期,主通道为下寒武统白云岩孔、洞、缝系统,且分布于阿瓦提凹陷巴楚隆起东北部地区;海西晚期-末期,巴楚隆起东北部边界断裂、T₆⁰不整合面和下寒武统孔、洞、缝系统为主通道;喜山期,主通道为T₆⁰,T₅⁵,T₅⁴不整合面、巴楚隆起南界断裂带,且主要分布于麦盖提斜坡巴楚隆起南界地区。     

变密度射孔技术在新庄浅层水平井中的应用

针对新庄油田南三块条带状、边水活跃、高深透率稠油油藏水平井固井完井的特点,开展了水平井变密度射孔模型、孔密优化设计等项研究,并将研究成果成功地应用于现场实际。该技术可大幅度地延缓边水锥进,它的试验成功为国内同类油田的开发提供了经验。     

有井多道反演

在无井多道反演方法的基础上,结合已知井的资料建立初始模型和提取子波,将多道反的思路应用于宽带的约束反演,提出了多道宽带约束反演的方法,该方法在实际资料上的应用是有效的,反演结果保持了宽带高分辨率的特点,多道宽带约束反的残差剖面也明显优于单道宽带约束反的残差剖面。