美国的下一代航空运输系统——发展愿景、成就与未来方向

1. Introduction The US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) manages the lar-gest air traffic control system in the world. This system controls approximate...     

西瓜豆酱的生产工艺

为研究开发豆酱新品种,将西瓜汁引入传统的豆酱发酵,筛选野田曲霉作为西瓜豆酱生产菌种。确定了西瓜豆酱的生产工艺:在豆酱发酵时加入盐水总量50%的西瓜汁,采用搅拌发酵管理模式,38～42℃发酵40～45 d。在此工艺条件下生产的西瓜豆酱营养丰富、风味独特。     

OCMJ4×8(128×64)中文模块液晶图文显示器及其应用

OCMJ4×8(128×64)中文模块液晶显示器可用作一般的点阵图形显示器。提供位点阵和字节点阵两种图形显示功能,用户可在指定的屏幕位置上以点为单位或以字节为单位进行图形显示。完全兼容一般的点阵模块,并可以实现汉字、ASCⅡ码、点阵图形和变化曲线的同屏显示,并可通过字节点阵图形方式造字,广泛用于各种仪器仪表、家用电器上作为显示器件。本文介绍其使用原理及应用。     

High‐Quality,Ultraconformal Aluminum‐Doped Zinc Oxide Nanoplasmonic and Hyperbolic Metamaterials

Aluminum‐doped zinc oxide (AZO) is a tunable low‐loss plasmonic material capable of supporting dopant concentrations high enough to operate at telecommunication wavelengths. Due to its ultrahigh conformality and compatibility with semiconductor processing, atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a powerful tool for many plasmonic applications. However, despite many attempts, high‐quality AZO with a plasma frequency below 1550 nm has not yet been realized by ALD. Here a simple procedure is devised to tune the optical constants of AZO and enable plasmonic activity at 1550 nm with low loss. The highly conformal nature of ALD is also exploited to coat silicon nanopillars to create localized surface plasmon resonances that are tunable by adjusting the aluminum concentration, thermal conditions, and the use of a ZnO buffer layer. The high‐quality AZO is then used to make a layered AZO/ZnO structure that displays negative refraction in the telecommunication wavelength region due to hyperbolic dispersion. Finally, a novel synthetic scheme is demonstrated to create AZO embedded nanowires in ZnO, which also exhibits hyperbolic dispersion.     

Changes in mood and hormone levels after rapid-rate transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the prefrontal cortex

A person's reality and definition of self are socially constructed; ethnicity is integrally involved in this process. Clinical work is successful if the client constructs a self with a sense of positive self-esteem and empowerment. The profession views social workers' use of self as important in successful clinical work, especially with clients ethnically different from themselves. This article provides a framework adapted from a constructivist perspective for the clinician's skillful use of self in therapeutic discourse. The framework consists of five stances the clinician can use in transcending the discomfort he or she may experience in a cross-cultural clinical situation. Use of these stances facilitates clients' ethnic validation, which is essential to positive therapeutic outcomes. This article uses case examples to illustrate the use of the framework.     

Valproate prophylaxis in a prospective clinical trial of refractory bipolar disorder

OBJECTIVE: The authors studied the efficacy of valproate plus lithium and of triple therapy with lithium, carbamazepine, and valproate in refractory bipolar illness. METHOD: The subjects were 24 bipolar outpatients who had completed an intended 3-year crossover study comparing lithium, carbamazepine, and their combination. Patients entered a 1-year phase of valproate plus lithium because of inadequate response or major side effects, and patients with inadequate responses were offered an additional year of treatment with all three mood-stabilizing drugs. RESULTS: Six (33%) of the 18 evaluable patients had moderate to marked responses to valproate plus lithium; four of these six had not responded to any previous treatment condition. Three of seven patients responded to triple therapy, although only one response was marked. CONCLUSIONS: Some outpatients with bipolar disorder refractory to lithium and carbamazepine received clinically relevant prophylactic benefit from valproate when used with lithium or in triple therapy.     

Nimodipine monotherapy and carbamazepine augmentation in patients with refractory recurrent affective illness

We investigated the expression and function of Fas and Fas ligand (FasL) on peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs). The cells were stimulated with various cytokines or 12-0-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate (PMA) plus ionomycin. About 30% of unstimulated PBLs expressed Fas, and the expression was augmented by interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-2, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), or PMA plus ionomycin. Although only minimal FasL expression was detected on unstimulated PBLs, FasL expression was markedly induced by IL-2 or PMA plus ionomycin, suggesting that Fas and FasL were both expressed on IL-2-stimulated or PMA-plus-ionomycin-stimulated PBLs. Although IL-2-stimulated or PMA-plus-ionomycin-stimulated PBLs were positive for both Fas and FasL, no significant increase in apoptosis was demonstrated in these activated PBLs. In addition, treatment of PBLs with IL-2 or PMA plus ionomycin did not change anti-Fas-induced apoptosis, although these activated PBLs expressed Fas strongly when compared with unstimulated PBLs. Only IL-2-stimulated or PMA-plus-ionomycin-stimulated PBLs killed Fas+ target cells efficiently via the interaction of Fas on target cells with FasL of PBLs. Bcl-2 was constitutively expressed on unstimulated PBLs, but its expression was significantly augmented by IL-2 or PMA plus ionomycin. The expression of Bax was clearly induced only on IL-2-stimulated or PMA-plus-ionomycin-stimulated PBLs and that of other Bcl-2 family proteins such as Bcl-x and Bad could not be detected on human PBLs, including IL-2-stimulated or PMA-plus-ionomycin-stimulated PBLs. Our results suggest that PBLs activated by IL-2 or PMA plus ionomycin express both Fas and FasL and that they kill Fas+ target cells by using FasL on the surface. The resistance of these activated PBLs to Fas-mediated apoptosis may be due to the augmented Bcl-2 expression or the presence of Bcl-2:Bax heterodimers on these cells.     

Controlled steam oxidation of AlInAs for microelectronics and optoelectronics applications

Thermal oxidation in water vapor of AlInAs layers lattice-matched to InP is reported. Vertical oxidation rate, analyzed vs temperature and duration, is compared to lateral oxidation. The activation energies for both lateral and vertical oxidation on the one hand and kinetics of vertical oxidation on the other hand have been investigated. The doping dependence on vertical oxidation rate is also examined. The resistivity and breakdown field of these oxide films have been found to be high enough for device applications, while the refractive index has been determined through ellipsometry. Some information about the microstructure of the native oxide are also reported.     

语音信号的线性预测编码技术

本文以一个双声道声码器为例,来说明线性预测编码技术在处理语音信号中的应用.一个2400b/s,双声道线性预测编码的声码器,使用高速、可编程序的位片型微处理机,字长可扩充.并使用2K的RAM和1K的ROM的数据存储器.该系统设计成循环时间为208毫微秒的双总线结构.该声码器能同时处理两个声道,用微处理机和线性预测编码技术开发出该系统,并叙述使用该技术设计声码器的要领.