Total dose effects on a fully-depleted SOI NMOSFET and its lateralparasitic transistor

The dose induced threshold voltage shift of fully-depleted NMOS transistors is strongly correlated with charge trapping in the buried oxide. Thinner buried oxides, which are less dose sensitive than thicker ones, not necessarily improve the radiation hardness of fully-depleted transistors because of the higher coupling effect. The lateral parasitic transistor is more affected by the buried oxide charge trapping than the main active transistor. The lateral and back surface conduction in the thin part of the mesa edge, increases with ionizing dose and adds to the front surface conduction. Body tie is the only lateral isolation immune to dose effects     

Evaluating internal and external markers versus fecal sampling procedure interactions when estimating intake in dairy cows consuming a corn silage-based diet

Feed intake assessment is a valuable tool for herd management decisions. The use of markers, either internal or external, is currently the most used technique for estimating feed intake in production animals. The experiment used 10 multiparous Holstein cows fed a corn silage-based diet, with 55:45 forage-to-concentrate ratio, the average fecal recovery (FR) of TiO₂ was higher than FR of Cr₂O₃, and both FR were more than unity. With internal markers, acetyl bromide lignin and cutin FR were lower than unity, and average FR for indigestible neutral detergent fiber (iNDF) and indigestible acid detergent fiber (iADF) was 1.5. The FR was unaffected by the fecal sampling procedure and appears to be an intrinsic property of each molecule and how it interacts with digesta. Of the 2 external markers, only Cr₂O₃ produced accurate fecal output (FO) estimates and the same happened to dry matter digestibility (DMD) when iNDF and iADF were used. Estimates for DMD and FO were affected by sampling procedure; 72-h bulk [sub-sample from total feces collection (TFC)] sampling consistently produced accurate results. The grab (sub-samples taken at specific times during the day) sampling procedures were accurate when using either of the indigestible fibers (iNDF or iADF) to estimate DMD. However, grab sampling procedures can only be recommended when concomitant TFC is performed on at least one animal per treatment to determine FR. Under these conditions, Cr₂O₃ is a suitable marker for estimating FO, and iNDF and iADF are adequate for estimating DMD. Moreover, the Cr₂O₃+iADF marker pair produces accurate dry matter intake estimates and deserves further attention in ruminant nutrition studies. The method of dosing the external markers is extremely important and greatly affects and determines results. Whichever the method, it must allow the animals to display normal feeding behavior and not affect performance. The grab sampling procedures can replace TFC (once FR is established), which may open new possibilities for pasture-based or collectively housed animals.     

Short-term effects of soybean oil supplementation on performance,digestion, and metabolism in dairy cows fed sugarcane-based diets

We aimed to quantify the productive and metabolic responses, and digestive changes in dairy cows fed various concentrations of soybean oil (SBO) in high-concentrate, sugarcane-based diets. Eight rumen-cannulated multiparous Holstein cows in mid lactation (574 ± 19.1 kg of body weight and 122 ± 6.9 d in milk), averaging 22.5 ± 1.22 kg/d of milk were assigned to replicated 4 × 4 Latin squares. The experimental period lasted 21 d as follows: 14 d for adaptation, followed by a sampling period from d 15 to 21. The diets were formulated with increasing concentrations of SBO [% of dry matter (DM)]: control (0%), low (LSBO; 1.57%), medium (MSBO; 4.43%), and high (HSBO; 7.34%). Dry matter intake decreased quadratically in response to SBO addition. The greatest decrease in DM intake was observed in MSBO and HSBO diets. Both milk and energy-corrected milk yield were quadratically affected by the SBO inclusion, with a slight decrease up to MSBO and substantial decrease in the HSBO diet. The milk fat concentration linearly decreased from 3.78% in the control to 3.50% in the HSBO diet. The potentially digestible neutral detergent fiber digestibility in the rumen decreased from 55.7% in the control to 35.2% in the HSBO diet. The fractional rate of digestion of potentially digestible neutral detergent fiber in the rumen decreased linearly from 3.13 to 1.39%/h from the control to HSBO diet. The fractional rate of indigestible neutral detergent fiber passage in the rumen was quadratically affected, with the lowest value (2.25%/h) for the HSBO diet. Rumen pH increased from 6.42 to 6.67, and ammonia nitrogen decreased from 28.1 to 21.4 mg/dL, in the control and HSBO diets, respectively. Rumen volatile fatty acids decreased quadratically, with the greatest decrease observed in MSBO and HSBO diets. Serum concentrations of glucose, fatty acids, and β-hydroxybutyrate were unaffected by SBO inclusion. However, serum concentrations of total cholesterol and high- and low-density lipoproteins linearly increased with increasing concentrations of SBO in the diet. Inclusion of SBO at concentrations from 4.43 to 7.34% of the diet DM decreased DM intake, energy-corrected milk production, fiber digestibility, and rumen fermentation and was thus not recommended. Soybean oil supplementation at 1.57% of the diet DM proved to be a safe concentration for dairy cows fed high-concentrate diets with sugarcane as the sole forage.     

Psychosocial and leadership identities among leaders of identity-based campus organizations.

In this article, we describe a qualitative study of identities of 18 college students leading identity-based campus organizations at 1 large public institution. Identity-based organizations are those registered student groups whose mission includes serving the educational, cultural, social, or other needs and interests of students from a given psychosocial identity (e.g., race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation). We observed 2 paths that students followed through their leadership experience: (1) A “parallel” path in which students experienced their psychosocial identity and their leadership identity separately, and (2) a “merged” path in which students merged these identities into a sense of being, for example, a “gay leader” or a “Latina activist.” Based on our findings that student leaders in identity-based organizations experience both psychosocial identities and leadership identities as salient—whether parallel or merged—we make recommendations for higher education practice, policy, and research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)