Orientation Dependence of Deformation-Induced Martensite Transformation During Uniaxial Tensile Deformation of Carbide-Free Bainitic Steel

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A - The present study investigates the orientation dependence of deformation-induced martensite (DIM) transformation in carbide-free bainitic steel using...     

Analytical expression for instantaneous exergy efficiency of a shallow basin passive solar still

An expression for instantaneous exergy efficiency of a passive solar still has been developed. The effect of design, operational and climatic parameters, namely effective absorptivity of basin liner (0.9–0.6), glass cover tilt (15–45°) and wind velocity (0.0–10 m/s) have been taken into account. It is found that with decrease in absorptivity (0.9–0.6) with time, the energetic and exergetic efficiencies decrease by 21.8% and 36.7% respectively. The effect of glass cover tilt is found to be insignificant and the respective efficiencies decrease by 0.75% and 0.47% per degree increase in tilt. These efficiencies increase rapidly up to a wind velocity of 2 m/s.     

Resource potential and scope of utilization of renewable energy in Jammu and Kashmir, India

Jammu and Kashmir the northern most state of India is blessed with immense potential for utilization of renewable energy. The state at present is fairly untapped in terms of energy utilization and thus venturing into this region would definitely prove to be profitable. The natural energy sources like sunshine, wind, vegetation, water flow, biomass and other biological wastes though abundantly available in the state yet are not being potentially harnessed resulting in very low per capita energy availability, deforestation and poor health. Renewable energy acquires a promising option not only for energy availability next view and of environment protection but also the socio-economic conditions of the people residing in these areas can be improved to a great extent. The hydroelectric power has tremendous potential for generation of electricity in the state because the topography of the state provides extensive network of canals and streams. This paper describes the resource potential and opportunity to enter the market and bring more renewable energy projects in the form of solar, biomass derived fuels, biogas and hydroelectric in the state.     

Evaluation of Electric Arc Furnace Slag as a Potential Phosphate-Removal Substrate

A study was conducted to evaluate the performance of locally available electric arc furnace slag (EAFS) as a substrate for removing phosphorus from wastewater. First, in a laboratory study, EAFS was found to have high phosphorus removal efficiency for three P concentrations (0.3, 3.0, and 6.0 mg/L); this resulted in nearly 100% phosphorus removal in 24 h. Next, the experiment was repeated using aeration and similar phosphorus removal was observed but in a shorter contact time of 1 h. The adsorption capacity of EAFS was determined to be 1,458 mg/kg. In a pilot-scale study, over 90% P removal took place in the first 4 h under nonaerated conditions, and nearly 100% removal in 8 h. While the P removal with aeration was relatively less initially for the shorter residence times, a 100% removal was observed for the 24-h residence time.     

Oxidative control of surface plasmon resonance of bismuth nanometal in bismuth glass nanocomposites

We demonstrate here a novel oxidative process to control the metallic bismuth (Bi°) nanoparticles (NPs) formation in bismuth glass nanocomposites by using KClO₄ and KNO₃ as oxidant instead of usual reducing technique. The formation of Bi° NPs has been monitored by its distinctive surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band at 460 nm in the UV–vis absorption spectra. It is further confirmed by the TEM images of Bi° NPs using KNO₃ and KClO₄ which show the formation of spherical Bi° NPs of 2–15 nm sizes and the SAED pattern reveals their crystalline rhombohedral phase. Using this technique it is possible to control the SPR band of nanobismuth (Bi°) in bismuth glasses.     

Remote Raman spectra of benzene obtained from 217 meters using a single 532 nm laser pulse

This report describes a mobile Raman lidar system that has been developed for spectral measurements of samples located remotely at ranges of hundreds of meters. The performance of this system has been quantitatively verified in a lidar calibration experiment using a hard target of standardized reflectance. A new record in detection range was achieved for remote Raman systems using 532 nm laser excitation. Specifically, Raman spectra of liquid benzene were measured with an integration time corresponding to a single 532 nm laser pulse at a distance of 217 meters. The single-shot Raman spectra at 217 meters demonstrated high signal-to-noise ratio and good resolution sufficient for the unambiguous identification of the samples of interest. The transmitter consists of a 20 Hz Nd:YAG laser emitting at 532 nm and 1064 nm and a 178 mm telescope through the use of which allows the system to produce a focused beam at the target location. The receiver consists of a large custom telescope (609 mm aperture) and a Czerny-Turner monochromator equipped with two fast photomultiplier tubes.     

Effect of copper on annealing characteristics of interstitial free steels

The effect of copper on the annealing behaviour of interstitial free (IF) steel has been investigated using thermoelectric power (TEP) and resistivity measurements. Kinetics of annealing of cold rolled copper-containing IF steel was found to be sluggish when compared with the base steels. TEP measurement revealed that copper has a negative coefficient of TEP in α-iron.     

Effects of SiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> and TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> fillers on thermal and dielectric properties of eco-friendly bismuth glass microcomposites of plasma display panels

The effects of SiO₂ (amorphous) and TiO₂ (crystalline, rutile) fillers on softening point (T _s), glass transition temperature (T _g), coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), and dielectric constant (ɛ) of zinc bismuth borate, ZnO-Bi₂O₃-B₂O₃ (ZBIB) glass microcomposites have been investigated with a view to its use as the white back (rear glass dielectric layer) of plasma display panels (PDPs). The experimentally measured properties have also been compared with those of theoretically predicted values. Both the experimental and theoretical trends of these properties with added filler contents correlate very well. The interaction of fillers with glass which occurred during sintering at 560°C has also been monitored by XRD and FTIR spectroscopic analyses. The microstructures and distribution of fillers in the glass matrix have been analyzed by SEM images. It is observed that the fillers have partially dissolved in the glass at the firing temperature leaving some unreacted filler as residue which results in ceramic-glass microcomposites. In consideration of the desired properties of white back of PDPs, the addition of TiO₂ filler to ZBIB glass is found to be more preferable than SiO₂ filler. The addition of 10 wt% TiO₂ filler yielded T _s, T _g, CTE and ɛ values of 560°C, 480°C, 82 × 10⁻⁷/K and 14·6 which are found to meet the desired values of <580°C, <500°C, <83 × 10⁻⁷/K and <15, respectively with respect to use of PD200 glass as substrate in PDP technology.     

SOS: Synthesis of application-specific heterogeneous multiprocessor systems

This paper describes a formal synthesis approach to design of optimal application-specific heterogeneous multiprocessor systems. The method generates a static task execution schedule along with the structure of the multiprocessor system and a mapping of subtasks to processors. The approach itself is quite general, but its application is demonstrated with a specific style of design. The approach involves creation of a Mixed Integer-Linear Programming (MILP) model and solution of the model. A primary component of the model is the set of relations that must be satisfied to ensure proper ordering of various events in the task execution as well as to ensure completeness and correctness of the system. Several experiments and tradeoff studies have been performed using the approach. These results indicate that the approach can be a useful tool in designing application-specific multiprocessor systems.