Design and realization of hybrid ACO-based PID and LuGre friction compensation controller for three degree-of-freedom high precision flight simulator

Three degree-of-freedom (3-DOF) high precision flight simulator is a type of key hardware-in-loop equipment in the fields of aeronautics and astronautics. The conventional Proportional–Integral–Derivative (PID) is a widely used industrial controller that uses a combination of proportional, integral and derivative action on the control error to form the output of the controller. It is well known that the undesired phenomena caused by friction can lead to overall flight simulator performance degradation or instability. This paper presents a novel kind of hybrid Ant Colony Optimization (ACO)-based PID and LuGre friction compensation controller for 3-DOF high precision flight simulator. On the basis of introduction of the basic principles of ACO, the controlling scheme design for the 3-DOF high precision flight simulator is presented. Based on the popular LuGre friction model, a novel nonlinear friction compensation controller for 3-DOF high precision flight simulator is also developed. The proposed Lyapunov function proves the robust global convergence of the tracking error. The parameters tuning of PID can be summed up as the typical continual spatial optimization problem, grid-based searching strategy is adopted in the improved ACO algorithm, and self-adaptive control strategy for the pheromone decay parameter is also adopted. Modularization design is adopted in the 3-DOF high precision flight simulator. This software can process the position and status signals, and display them on the friendly interface. Double buffer mechanism is adopted in the communication protocol between lower Industrial Personal Computer (IPC) and upper IPC. The series experimental results have verified the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed hybrid ACO-based PID and LuGre friction compensation controller.     

双目定位在数码相机图像标定中的应用

数码相机定位是计算机图形学中的一个重要课题,在图像处理等方面有着广泛的应用,对数码相机进行合理建模分析,并利用双目视觉原理对图像进行标定,最后例证了此方法的有效性和精确性。     

《考工记》中所体现的传统造物之美

《考工记》是一部先秦古著。著者佚名,有说非一人一时之作,成书年代大约在春秋战国之际,到汉代后人将其编入《周礼》,故又称《周礼考工记》。作为先秦百工技艺之书,它反映了当时工艺技术和设计发展水平,书中记载的"物尽其用"、"因材施艺"、"以人为本"、"天人合一"的造物法则体现了中国传统文化对设计的影响。本文通过在功能、材料、人文、以及象征意义等方面的具体分析,来揭示传统造物之美。     

Boosting Piezo-Catalytic Activity of KNN-Based Materials with Phase Boundary and Defect Engineering

Although the piezo-catalysis is promising for the environmental remediation and biomedicine, the piezo-catalytic properties of various piezoelectric materials are limited by low carrier concentrations and mobility, and rapid electron-hole pair recombination, and reported regulating strategies are quite complex and difficult. Herein, a new and simple strategy, integrating phase boundary engineering and defect engineering, to boost the piezo-catalytic activity of potassium sodium niobate ((K, Na)NbO₃, KNN) based materials is innovatively proposed. Tur strategy is validated by exampling 0.96(K_0.48Na_0.52)Nb_0.955Sb_0.045O₃-0.04(Bi_xNa_4-3x)_0.5ZrO₃-0.3%Fe₂O₃ material having phase boundary engineering and conducted the defect engineering via the high-energy sand-grinding. A high reaction rate constant k of 92.49 × 10⁻³ min⁻¹ in the sand-grinding sample is obtained, which is 2.40 times than that of non-sand-grinding one and superior to those of other representative lead-free perovskite piezoelectric materials. Meanwhile, the sand-grinding sample has remarkable bactericidal properties against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Superior piezo-catalytic activities originate from the enhanced electron-hole pair separation and the increased carrier concentration. This study provides a novel method for improving the piezo-catalytic activities of lead-free piezoelectric materials and holds great promise for harnessing natural energy and disease treatment.     

A 2.20 eV Bandgap Polymer Donor for Efficient Colorful Semitransparent Organic Solar Cells

Semitransparent organic solar cells (ST-OSCs) have attracted increasing attention due to their promising prospect in building-integrated photovoltaics. Generally, efficient ST-OSCs with good average visible transmittance (AVT) can be realized by developing active layer materials with light absorption far from the visible light range. Herein, the development of ultrawide bandgap polymer donors with near-ultraviolet absorption, paired with near-infrared acceptors, is proposed to achieve high-performance ST-OSCs. The key points for the design of ultrawide bandgap polymers include constructing donor–donor type conjugated skeleton, suppressing the quinoidal resonance effect, and minimizing the twist of conjugated skeleton via noncovalent conformational locks. As a proof of concept, a polymer named PBOF with an optical bandgap of 2.20 eV is synthesized, which exhibited largely reduced overlap with the human eye photopic response spectrum and afforded a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.40% in opaque device. As a result, ST-OSCs with a PCE over 10% and an AVT over 30% are achieved without optical modulation. Moreover, colorful ST-OSCs with visual aesthetics can be achieved by tuning the donor/acceptor weight ratio in active layer benefiting from the ultrawide bandgap nature of PBOF. This study demonstrates the great potential of ultrawide bandgap polymers for efficient colorful ST-OSCs.     

Macrophage Membrane-Coated Nanoparticles Sensitize Glioblastoma to Radiation by Suppressing Proneural–Mesenchymal Transformation in Glioma Stem Cells

Radiotherapy is identified as a crucial treatment for patients with glioblastoma, but recurrence is inevitable. The efficacy of radiotherapy is severely hampered partially due to the tumor evolution. Growing evidence suggests that proneural glioma stem cells can acquire mesenchymal features coupled with increased radioresistance. Thus, a better understanding of mechanisms underlying tumor subclonal evolution may develop new strategies. Herein, data highlighting a positive correlation between the accumulation of macrophage in the glioblastoma microenvironment after irradiation and mesenchymal transdifferentiation in glioblastoma are presented. Mechanistically, elevated production of inflammatory cytokines released by macrophages promotes mesenchymal transition in an NF-κB-dependent manner. Hence, rationally designed macrophage membrane-coated porous mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MMNs) in which therapeutic anti-NF-κB peptides are loaded for enhancing radiotherapy of glioblastoma are constructed. The combination of MMNs and fractionated irradiation results in the blockage of tumor evolution and therapy resistance in glioblastoma-bearing mice. Intriguingly, the macrophage invasion across the blood-brain barrier is inhibited competitively by MMNs, suggesting that these nanoparticles can fundamentally halt the evolution of radioresistant clones. Taken together, the biomimetic MMNs represent a promising strategy that prevents mesenchymal transition and improves therapeutic response to irradiation as well as overall survival in patients with glioblastoma.     

Ultra-Stable and Sensitive Ultraviolet Photodetectors Based on Monocrystalline Perovskite Thin Films

The detection of ultraviolet (UV) radiation with effective performance and robust stability is essential to practical applications. Metal halide single-crystal perovskites (ABX₃) are promising next-generation materials for UV detection. The device performance of all-inorganic CsPbCl₃ photodetectors (PDs) is still limited by inner imperfection of crystals grown in solution. Here wafer-scale single-crystal CsPbCl₃ thin films are successfully grown by vapor-phase epitaxy method, and the as-constructed PDs under UV light illumination exhibit an ultralow dark current of 7.18 pA, ultrahigh ON/OFF ratio of ≈5.22 × 10⁵, competitive responsivity of 32.8 A W⁻¹, external quantum efficiency of 10867% and specific detectivity of 4.22 × 10¹² Jones. More importantly, they feature superb long-term stability toward moisture and oxygen within twenty-one months, good temperature tolerances at low and high temperatures. The ability of the photodetector arrays for excellent UV light imaging is further demonstrated.     

Simultaneous CO2 and H2O Activation via Integrated Cu Single Atom and N Vacancy Dual-Site for Enhanced CO Photo-Production

Photocatalytic conversion of CO₂ into fuels using pure water as the proton source is of immense potential in simultaneously addressing the climate-change crisis and realizing a carbon-neutral economy. Single-atom photocatalysts with tunable local atomic configurations and unique electronic properties have exhibited outstanding catalytic performance in the past decade. However, given their single-site features they are usually only amenable to activations involving single molecules. For CO₂ photoreduction entailing complex activation and dissociation process, designing multiple active sites on a photocatalyst for both CO₂ reduction and H₂O dissociation simultaneously is still a daunting challenge. Herein, it is precisely construct Cu single-atom centers and two-coordinated N vacancies as dual active sites on CN (Cu₁/N_2CV-CN). Experimental and theoretical results show that Cu single-atom centers promote CO₂ chemisorption and activation via accumulating photogenerated electrons, and the N_2CV sites enhance the dissociation of H₂O, thereby facilitating the conversion from COO* to COOH*. Benefiting from the dual-functional sites, the Cu₁/N_2CV-CN exhibits a high selectivity (98.50%) and decent CO production rate of 11.12 µmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹. An ingenious atomic-level design provides a platform for precisely integrating the modified catalyst with the deterministic identification of the electronic property during CO₂ photoreduction process.     

交流电机变频调速中矢量控制与直接转矩控制的研究

随着交流电机在现代社会生产中的广泛应用,三相交流异步交流调速控制系统成为研究的热点,各种各样的变频调速方案相继出现,作为当前两种主要的交流电机变频控制方法,矢量控制和直接转机控制在实际中得到广泛的应用。本文以矢量控制与直接转矩控制比较为核心,对二者的控制原理、特性以及应用进行了分析与比较。同时,在分析的直接转矩控制原理的基础上,基于Simulink环境下对直接转矩控制系统进行仿真模型的搭建,并得到相应的仿真图象。     

Experimental and numerical investigations on compressive properties of porous twisted wire materials

Wire diameter, sintering parameter, and porosity have great influences on porous structures and compressive properties of the stainless steel porous twisted wire materials with 30–92% porosities. Finer wires, higher sintering temperature, and longer sintering time will lead to narrower pore-size distributions, more compact porous structures, and stronger compressive yield strength. A random pore model and a twisted wire framework model are put forward to simulate the compressive process. The compressive deformation mechanism is a continuous densification process. The simulated and experimental stress-strain curves all exhibit elastic stage, plastic yield platform stage, and final densification stage.