硫酸盐黑液直接苛化循环试验研究

采用管式炉在820～850℃的温度范围内对硫酸盐黑液在水蒸气气化条件下进行了若干次直接苛化循环试验,反应所得钛酸盐在100℃的条件下水解20min,用化学方法分析水解溶液成分,用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP)分别分析所得一系列钛酸盐的晶形和Ti/Na2比。结果表明:高温反应得到以4Na2O.5TiO2为主的钛酸盐,水解得到Na2O.3TiO2和Na2O.6TiO2。总体碳酸钠转化率最后达75%以上;气化后残留10%左右的硫酸盐。     

Carbon nanotube capsules encapsulating SnO2 nanoparticles as an anode material for lithium ion batteries

Carbon nanotubes capsules (CNCs) with compact, stout walls and tunable sizes were fabricated by using self-assembly of acid modified carbon nanotubes in a water-in-oil emulsion system. The effect of ultrasonic power on the formation and size of CNCs were investigated. On the basis of fabrication of CNCs, CNCs encapsulating SnO₂ nanoparticles were prepared as anode material for lithium ion batteries. The morphologies, structural characteristics and electrochemical performances of CNCs and CNCs encapsulating SnO₂ nanoparticles were systemically investigated by FE-SEM, TEM, XRD and a series of electrochemical testing techniques. The results showed that the encapsulation amount of SnO₂ in CNCs had a great influence on the reversible capacity and cycle performance of the composites. The composite with appropriate amount of SnO₂ exhibited a high reversible capacity of 383 mAh g⁻¹ and an excellent cyclability with only 0.4% capacity loss/cycle in that CNCs not only could provide high electric conductivity for composites but also effectively accommodate the volume change of SnO₂ during the cycling processes.     

秸秆原料EMAL木素的分离及其特性研究

论文介绍了从几种农作物秸秆生物质中高效分离木素的新方法-酶解/温和酸解法(Enzymatic/Mild acidolysis),用此方法分离得到的木素简称为EMAL(Enzymatic Mild Acidolysis Lignin).借助FT-IR、 GPC和定量31P-NMR对分离的EMAL进行物理化学特性研究,研究结果表明,EMAL在分离过程中化学结构没有明显的缩合与解聚,分子量比常规的磨木木素(MWL)高,且纯度也高.在分离过程中分离程序简化,溶剂使用量大大减少,得到的木素有较好的代表性,适合较大量的木素分离.     

注入水水质对聚合物黏度的影响及水质处理剂的筛选

胜利油田孤东和孤岛油区污水水质明显影响了配注聚合物体系的黏度,亟需研究不同水质因素对黏度的影响并寻求有效的水质处理剂。通过室内黏度和老化稳定性测试,研究了注入水中Fe~(2+)/Fe~(3+)、S~(2-)和氧含量等水质内部因素对聚合物体系黏度的影响,确定了保证聚合物溶液具有较高黏度的含量上限,并结合相应的要求优选了适合的除氧剂和除铁剂,在现场条件下验证其适应性。研究结果表明,Fe~(2+)/Fe~(3+)、S~(2-)和氧含量对聚合物体系黏度有显著的影响,要使现场配注的聚合物溶液具有较高的黏度,Fe~(2+)和Fe~(3+)含量最高应分别不超过0.5 mg/L和2mg/L,S~(2-)含量应控制在1 mg/L以内,溶解氧含量应控制在0.3 mg/L以下。Fe~(2+)/Fe~(3+)和S~(2-)的作用时间对聚合物溶液黏度没有明显的影响。硫脲和大港亚铁离子处理剂PP-I分别是与聚合物体系配伍性良好且应用效果最好的除氧剂和除铁剂,现场适应性较好。通过加入化学除氧剂和除铁剂能有效控制现场注入水中的氧含量和Fe~(2+)/Fe~(3+)含量在较低水平,使配制的聚合物溶液具有较高的黏度,适于在油田聚合物驱和化学驱使用现场污水配液时使用。图3表6参17     

5-羟甲基糠醛催化氢化制备2,5-呋喃二甲醇的研究进展

2,5-呋喃二甲醇（BHMF）在合成树脂、药物等方面具有重要应用。随着化石资源的日益缩减,由可再生的生物质基平台分子5-羟甲基糠醛（HMF）催化制备BHMF引起人们的广泛关注。本文在总结了HMF及BHMF物化性质的基础上,介绍了HMF在分子氢、醇类、甲酸3种不同的氢供体中催化加氢制备BHMF的研究近况,总结了贵金属、非贵金属、双金属或多金属协同催化体系在该加氢反应中的应用进展,同时分析了反应过程中温度、时间、催化剂载体、反应溶剂种类及酸值等因素对HMF转化率及BHMF得率的影响。最后对HMF催化转化制备BHMF的研究前景进行了总结和展望,提出了使用醇类代替氢气作为氢供体,开发非贵金属及金属协同催化体系将是该选择性氢化反应的重要研究方向之一。     

Sodium storage properties of thin phosphorus-doped graphene layers developed on the surface of nanodiamonds under hot pressing conditions

Abstract

Phosphorus-doped graphene layers have been formed on the surface of nanodiamond (ND) particles by hot pressing of a mixture of purified detonation ND powder and triphenylphosphine (TPP) at 1000?°C and 100?bar. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy detected about 1.7 at.% of phosphorus in the product, most of which was in the oxidized form. The same treatment conditions of the ND powder without the addition of TPP resulted in the only partial covering of some ND particles by sp²-hybridized carbon layers. The tests in Na-ion half-cells found that the pure carbon sample can reversibly sustain 42 mAh g^?1 at a current density of 0.1?A g^?1. For the phosphorus-doped sample, this value increases up to 54 mAh g^?1 due to mainly accumulation of sodium at various defects created in the graphitic layers as a result of phosphorus incorporation. Taking into account inertness of inner diamond cores, specific capacity values are 417 mAh g^?1 for phosphorus-doped graphene layers and 587 mAh g^?1 for non-doped ones.     

试板几何尺寸及熔敷比对焊条脱渣率的影响

在不同的坡口角度、板厚、板长等条件下对两种焊条进行了基于GB/T 25776—2010《焊接材料焊接工艺性能评定方法》的脱渣性试验,观察坡口角度、板厚、板长、熔敷比等条件对同种焊条脱渣率的影响,以及对两种固定焊条之间脱渣率区分度的影响。研究结果表明:在坡口角度为70°、板长为400 mm、板厚为16 mm、熔敷比在1.20~1.40范围内时,两种焊条的脱渣率试验结果最稳定,且具有较高的区分度。     

The reduction of Eu to Eu in air and luminescence properties of Eu activated ZnO–B2O3–P2O5 glasses

A valence change from Eu³⁺ to Eu²⁺ was observed in the europium ion-doped ZnO–B₂O₃–P₂O₅ glasses prepared at high temperature in air. The fluorescence emission spectrum of the sample consists of a broad emission band ascribed to the 5d–4f transition of Eu²⁺ ion and sharp emission peaks assigned to the transitions of ⁵D_o–⁷F_J (J = 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4) of Eu³⁺ ion, indicating that part of Eu³⁺ can be reduced into Eu²⁺ in the glass. A charge compensation model is proposed. The rigid tetrahedral network structure of glasses plays an important role in stability of Eu²⁺. The fabrication conditions are also studied.     

装配规划中基于割集的装配顺序生成方法

针对装配规划提出一种新的装配零件关系的描述方法，该方法应用改进的关联图－优先约束关联图，描述装配零件间的连接关系、优先关系及约束关系。在生成产品装配顺序时，充分地把装配优先关系与割集法副合到装配顺序搜索中，有效地生成产品所有满足装配条件的装配顺序，为装配规划提供参考的装配工艺路径。