Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis in childhood--correlation of clinical aspects, diagnostic parameters, therapy and prognosis]

Airway inflammation particularly with eosinophil infiltration is an almost invariant feature of asthma, though it may not be exclusive to asthma. BHR and atopy are common phenomena in asthmatics but not invariably so. Allergen-induced late asthmatic responses can increase non-specific hyperresponsiveness and bronchial responsiveness in turn is, at least from some studies, correlated with the degree of airway inflammation. Atopy is a major risk factor for the development of asthma and its persistence from childhood into adulthood. Airway inflammation occurs very early in the natural history of asthma. No therapeutic intervention in established asthma has been shown to achieve a cure or even modify the natural history of the disease. Therefore, further studies are urgently required to identify whether strategies of early intervention to prevent the development of airway inflammation will modify the natural history of the disease.     

Ecdysteroid receptor and ultraspiracle from Chironomus tentans (Insecta) are phosphoproteins and are regulated differently by molting hormone

A consists of berberine chloride and an extract from geranium herb. To clarify mechanisms of the antidiarrheal effect of Phelloberin-A, we investigated the astringent action by determining its binding activity to rabbit hemoglobin and effects on active transport, which was indicated by short-circuit current (Isc), in rat jejunum by the Ussing chamber technique. The effects of berberine chloride and geranium herb on both the binding activity to hemoglobin and the electrophysiological parameters such as Isc were compared with those of the antidiarrhoeicas, tannic acid, albumin tannate and bismuth subnitrate. Geranium herb, tannic acid and bismuth subnitrate increased significantly the binding activity to hemoglobin at concentrations of > 1 mg/ml, > 0.3 mg/ml and 10 mg/ml, respectively, but berberine or albumin tannate did not. Geranium herb and tannic acid dose-dependently and moderately increased Isc in rat jejunal mucosa and the increase became significant at a concentration of 10 mg/ml. Neither berberine chloride, albumin tannate nor bismuth subnitrate affected Isc. In contrast, cholera toxin, which increases the secretion from intestinal mucosa to the lumen and induces diarrhea, decreased Isc at a concentration of 0.1 mg/ml. The decrease of Isc induced by cholera toxin was antagonized by pretreatment with geranium herb (10 mg/ml), indicating that geranium herb inhibited the toxin-induced increase in secretion. These results suggest that geranium herb possesses an astringent action and moderately increases Isc across the intestinal mucosa. Therefore, the effects may support an antidiarrheal effect of both geranium herb and Phelloberin-A.     

Reactivating tammar wallaby blastocysts oxidize glucose

Metabolic reactivation of the tammar blastocyst appears to be characterized by a change in the pathway of glucose metabolism rather than an absolute increase in substrate uptake. The switch in type of metabolism used was examined to gain information on the timing and physiology of blastocyst reactivation. Fluorescent and radioisotope techniques were used sequentially to determine the activity of pathways of glucose metabolism by individual wallaby blastocysts during diapause and 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 10 days after removal of pouch young (RPY). Maternal endometrial and luteal cell metabolism and circulating hormone levels were measured and correlated with blastocyst activity. Observed differences between rates of blastocyst reactivation could be explained by variation in the maternal response between animals. While blastocysts recovered 4 days after RPY oxidized more glucose compared with Day 0 blastocysts (p < 0.05), rates of glycolysis did not change until Day 10. Blastocysts recovered between 4 and 10 days after RPY oxidized a significantly greater percentage of the glucose taken up (p < 0.01). The reduced ATP:ADP ratio within blastocysts recovered 3 days after RPY (p < 0.05) indicates that conditions are suitable for blastocysts to undergo a metabolic switch from glycolytic to oxidative metabolism of glucose on Day 4 after RPY. The increased oxidation results in greater ATP production, which plausibly fuels the increased energy requirements of wallaby blastocysts during the early stages of reactivation.     

Amino-acid transport by heterodimers of 4F2hc/CD98 and members of a permease family

Amino-acid transport across cellular plasma membranes depends on several parallel-functioning (co-)transporters and exchangers. The widespread transport system L accounts for a sodium-independent exchange of large, neutral amino acids, whereas the system y(+)L exchanges positively charged amino acids and/or neutral amino acids together with sodium. The molecular nature of these transporters remains unknown, although expression of the human cell-surface glycoprotein 4F2 heavy chain (h4F2hc; CD98 in the mouse) is known to induce low levels of L- and/or y(+)L-type transport. This glycoprotein is found in activated lymphocytes, together with an uncharacterized, disulphide-linked lipophilic light chain with an apparent relative molecular mass of 40,000 (M(r) 40K). Here we identify the permease-related protein E16 as the first light chain of h4F2hc and show that the resulting heterodimeric complex mediates L-type amino-acid transport. The homologous protein from Schistosoma mansoni, SPRM1, also associates covalently with coexpressed h4F2hc glycoprotein, although it induces amino-acid transport of different substrate specificity. The coexpression of h4F2hc is required for surface expression of these permease-related light chains, which belong to a new family of amino-acid transporters that form heterodimers with cell-surface glycoproteins.     

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Pool boiling heat transfer of refrigerant mixtures R32/R125

Nucleate pool boiling heat transfer of new, environmentally harmless refrigerant mixtures R32/R125 has been systematically investigated in a wide range of pressure and heat flux under saturation conditions using a horizontal platinum wire (d = 0.1 mm). The platinum wire served as both heating element and resistance thermometer. The experimental results are compared with calculated values using a modified Jungnickel correlation. The comparison between all calculated data and experimental data shows good agreement. Most of the data fall within ±20% of the correlation. The mean average deviation is ±8.25%.     

Lattice and grain-boundary diffusion of phosphorus in commercially-pure copper

The diffusion rates of phosphorus in 3 batches of commercially-pure copper with different impurity content have been determined in the temperature range 574 to 1046° using the tracer-sectioning technique. There is clear evidence of grain-boundary diffusion occurring below 720°. The three activation energies and preexponential factors obtained for volume diffusion areQ _l = 1.43 eV, 1.44 eV, 1.43 eV;Dqi = 7.02 × 10^-3 cmVs, 7.98 x 10^-3 cm²/s, 4.38 × 10^-3 cm²/s. For grain-boundary diffusion the respective average values are Q_b = 0.70 eV and D_obδ≈ 4.2× 10^-7 cm3/s.     

Controlled polymerization of methylmethacrylate and ethylacrylate using tris(4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine) copper(II) hexafluorophosphate complexes and aluminium isopropoxide

Summary The radical polymerization of methylmethacrylate and ethylacrylate was carried out in the presence of tris(4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine) copper(II) hexafluorophosphate complexes and aluminium isopropoxide. The molecular weight of the synthesized polyethylacrylates increased proportionally with conversion, whereas the polymerization of methylmethacrylate revealed a nonlinear behavior. The polydispersities of the molecular weight distributions observed were between 1.09 and 1.34. Poly(styrene-block-polymethylmethacrylate) was synthesized by sequential monomer addition. Received: 9 June 1999/Revised version: 20 September 1999/Accepted: 20 September 1999     

TEM investigation of Ti and Ti/Al bilayer as alternative diffusion barriers for Cu metallization for SAW device applications

The thermal stability of Ti and Ti/Al thin barrier layers for Cu metallizations of surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices has been investigated by resistance measurements and analytical transmission electron microscopy (TEM) using energy dispersive analysis (EDX), energy filtered analysis (EFTEM) within a temperature range between RT and 300 °C. Due to the strong increase of the sheet resistance of the sample containing the Ti/Al-barrier, structural changes in the Al layer lead to a failure at 300 °C, whereas the other sample containing Ti only as a barrier layer did not show any obvious structural changes.