Confirmation of the Dominant Defect Mechanism in Amorphous In–Zn–O Through the Application of In Situ Brouwer Analysis

The dominant point defect mechanism of amorphous (a‐) indium zinc oxide (IZO) was probed through in situ electrical characterization of sputtered a‐IZO thin films in response to changes in oxygen partial pressure (pO) at 300C. The results yielded a power law dependence of conductivity (σ) versus pO of ～?1/6. This experimental method, known as Brouwer analysis, confirms doubly‐charged oxygen vacancies as the dominant defect species in a‐IZO. The success of this study suggests that Brouwer analysis is a viable method for studying the defect mechanisms of amorphous oxides.     

The Self-Fulfilling Prophecy as an Intrafamily Dynamic.

This research examined whether parents' and children's perceptions of one another have reciprocal self-fulfilling effects on each other's behavior. Parents and their adolescent children completed self-report surveys and engaged in dyadic videotaped interaction tasks. The surveys assessed mothers', fathers', and children's perceptions of their own and the other's hostility and warmth. Observers coded the videotaped interactions to assess the actual hostility and warmth exhibited by parents and children. Data from 658 mother-child dyads were consistent with the conclusion that children had a self-fulfilling effect on their mothers' hostility but that mothers did not have a reciprocal self-fulfilling effect on their children's hostility. No other self-fulfilling prophecy effects emerged. Findings are discussed in terms of family relations and the differential power of negative versus positive self-fulfilling prophecies. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Design of molecularly imprinted polymer grafts with embedded gold nanoparticles through the interfacial chemistry of aryl diazonium salts

A novel strategy is described for the preparation of highly sensitive molecularly imprinted (MIPs) sensors for dopamine. It combines mercaptobenzene diazonium salt as a coupling agent for immobilizing gold nanoparticles to gold electrodes and benzoyl benzene diazonium salt as photoinitiator of radical polymerization at the said gold nanoparticle-decorated gold electrodes. The MIP films were prepared by surface-initiated photopolymerization (SIPP) of methacrylic acid (MAA) as functional monomer (F) for dopamine (DA) the template molecule (T), and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), the crosslinker (C). Dimethylaniline was employed as a hydrogen donor. The specificity and selectivity were demonstrated by square wave voltammetry (SWV). The detection limit was 0.35 nmol L^-1 (0.054 ng mL⁻¹). The sensor layers are stable and adherent to the surface through aryl layers. The originality and advantage of the process lie in the use of aryl diazonium salt as coupling agents for anchroring nanoparticles and MIP layers to the electrode surface in a simple and efficient way which ensures high sensing performance together with good surface-MIP adhesion. The same strategy can be extended to a broad range of templates.     

Kinetics of Isothermal Crystallization of Hydrogenated Castor Oil-in-Water Emulsions

Kinetics of isothermal crystallization of hydrogenated castor oil in water emulsions exhibiting multiple crystal morphologies have been studied experimentally by DSC and polarized light microscopy. The induction time of nucleation increases with the increase of the isothermal temperature under which crystallization occurred. Crystal growth has been observed by microscopy showing that both crystal morphologies, fibers and rosettes, grow linearly at the initial stage of crystallization and then slow down to reach a plateau value. The Avrami model, which has been widely used in kinetics studies of triacylglycerol systems, was employed to fit experimental results at different isothermal temperatures. It was found that experimental trends could be captured by introducing the volume fraction of each type of morphology into three-dimensional and one-dimensional full Avrami models.     

ION-SELECTIVE POLYMER-SUPPORTED REAGENTS

ABSTRACT

The design and synthesis of polymer-supported reagents that can selectively complex targeted metal ions from multi-component solutions will continue to be an important area of research into the 21^st century. Environmental remediation and sensor technology are only two of a number of areas in which such polymers can be applied. This paper reviews the recent literature with an emphasis on the key ligands that have been immobilized in order to better understand where this research is heading in the near future.     

Lomeguatrib Increases the Radiosensitivity of MGMT Unmethylated Human Glioblastoma Multiforme Cell Lines

Background: Treatment resistance of glioblastoma multiforme to chemo- and radiotherapy remains a challenge yet to overcome. In particular, the O⁶-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter unmethylated patients have only little benefit from chemotherapy treatment using temozolomide since MGMT counteracts its therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, new treatment options in radiotherapy need to be developed to inhibit MGMT and increase radiotherapy response. Methods: Lomeguatrib, a highly specific MGMT inhibitor, was used to inactivate MGMT protein in vitro. Radiosensitivity of established human glioblastoma multiforme cell lines in combination with lomeguatrib was investigated using the clonogenic survival assay. Inhibition of MGMT was analyzed using Western Blot. Cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were investigated to determine the effects of lomeguatrib alone as well as in combination with ionizing radiation. Results: Lomeguatrib significantly decreased MGMT protein and reduced radiation-induced G2/M arrest. A radiosensitizing effect of lomeguatrib was observed when administered at 1 µM and increased radioresistance at 20 µM. Conclusion: Low concentrations of lomeguatrib elicit radiosensitization, while high concentrations mediate a radioprotective effect.     

PPS/PET皮芯型双组分纤维的生产及表征

<正>关于双组分纤维纺丝技术的第一批专利发表于20世纪40年代早期。从20世纪60年代中期开始,聚合物业界倾向于采用聚合物共混和混合物以改进材料的性能。双组分纤维由两种聚合物成分组成,它们彼此并列或互相缠绕。双组分纤维纺丝可     

Enhancing protein and sugar release from defatted soy flakes using ultrasound technology

This research focused on the use of high-power ultrasound prior to soy protein extraction to simultaneously enhance protein and sugar release in the extract. Defatted soy flakes dispersed in water were sonicated for 15, 30, 60 and 120 s using a bench-scale ultrasound unit. The ultrasonic amplitudes used were: 0, 21, 42, 63 and 84 μm_pp (peak-to-peak). The respective power densities were 0.30, 0.87, 1.53 and 2.56 W/ml. Scanning electron micrographs of sonicated samples showed the structural disruption of soy flakes. The particle size decreased nearly 10-fold following ultrasonic treatment at high amplitudes. Sonication at high amplitude for 120 s gave the highest increase in total sugar released (50%) and protein yield (46%) when compared with non-sonicated samples (control). Ultrasonic pretreatment was also carried out with and without cooling for temperature moderation. The heat generated during sonication had no significant effect on protein and sugar release from defatted soy flakes. The use of ultrasound can significantly improve protein yield and reduce the overall cost of producing soy protein from flakes.