Development of the high-pressure electro-dynamic gradient crystal-growth technology for semi-insulating CdZnTe growth for radiation detector applications

The high-pressure electro-dynamic gradient (HP-EDG) crystal-growth technology has been recently developed and introduced at eV PRODUCTS to grow large-volume, semi-insulating (SI) CdZnTe single crystals for room-temperature x-ray and gamma-ray detector applications. The new HP growth technology significantly improves the downstream CdZnTe device-fabrication yield compared to earlier versions of the HP crystal-growth technology because of the improved structural and charge-transport properties of the CdZnTe ingots. The new state-of-the-art, HP-EDG crystal-growth systems offer exceptional flexibility and thermal and mechanical stability and allow the growth of high-purity CdZnTe ingots. The flexibility of the multi-zone heater system allows the dynamic control of heat flow to optimize the growth-interface shape during crystallization. This flexibility combined with an advanced control system, improved system diagnostics, and realistic heat-transport modeling provides an excellent platform for continuing process development. Initial results on large-diameter (140 mm), SI Cd_1−xZn_xTe (x=0.1) ingots grown in low temperature gradients with the HP-EDG technique show reduced defect density and complete elimination of ingot cracking. The increased single-crystal yield combined with the improved charge transport allows the fabrication of large-volume, high-sensitivity, high energy-resolution detector devices at increased yield. The CdZnTe ingots grown to date produced large-volume crystals (≥1cm³) with electron mobility-lifetime product (μτ_e) in the (3–7) × 10⁻³ cm²/V range. The lower-than-desired charge-transport uniformity of the HP-EDG CdZnTe ingots is associated with the high density of Te inclusions formed in the ingots during crystallization. The latest process-development efforts show a reduction in the Te-inclusion density, an increase of the charge-transport uniformity, and improved energy resolution of the large-volume detectors fabricated from these crystals.     

用P1905.1设计新一代家庭网络

家庭互连技术正在向第二代演变,将能提供运营商和消费者所希望的服务质量,并能让用户透明地使用家庭网络.本文就是介绍了一种新的家庭网络设计方案.     

RERBEE: robust efficient registration via bifurcations and elongated elements applied to retinal fluorescein angiogram sequences

We present RERBEE (robust efficient registration via bifurcations and elongated elements), a novel feature-based registration algorithm able to correct local deformations in high-resolution ultra-wide field-of-view (UWFV) fluorescein angiogram (FA) sequences of the retina. The algorithm is able to cope with peripheral blurring, severe occlusions, presence of retinal pathologies and the change of image content due to the perfusion of the fluorescein dye in time. We have used the computational power of a graphics processor to increase the performance of the most computationally expensive parts of the algorithm by a factor of over × 1300, enabling the algorithm to register a pair of 3900 × 3072 UWFV FA images in 5-10 min instead of the 5-7 h required using only the CPU. We demonstrate accurate results on real data with 267 image pairs from a total of 277 (96.4%) graded as correctly registered by a clinician and 10 (3.6%) graded as correctly registered with minor errors but usable for clinical purposes. Quantitative comparison with state-of-the-art intensity-based and feature-based registration methods using synthetic data is also reported. We also show some potential usage of a correctly aligned sequence for vein/artery discrimination and automatic lesion detection.     

Copper@ZIF-8 Core-Shell Nanowires for Reusable Antimicrobial Face Masks

SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses spread via aerosols generated by infected people. Face masks can limit transmission. However, widespread use of disposable masks consumes tremendous resources and generates waste. Here, a novel material for treating blown polypropylene filtration media used in medical-grade masks to impart antimicrobial activity is reported. To produce thin copper@ZIF-8 core-shell nanowires (Cu@ZIF-8 NWs), Cu NWs are stabilized using a pluronic F-127 block copolymer, followed by growth of ZIF-8 to obtain uniform core-shell structures. The Cu@ZIF-8 NWs are applied to filtration media by dip coating. Aerosol filtration efficiency decreases upon exposure to ethanol (solvent for dip-coating), but increases with addition of Cu@ZIF-8 NWs. Cu@ZIF-8 NWs shows enhanced antibacterial activity, compared to Cu NWs or ZIF-8 alone, against Streptococcus mutans and Escherichia coli. Antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 is assayed using virus-infected Vero E6 cells, demonstrating 55% inhibition of virus replication after 48 h by 1 µg of Cu@ZIF-8 NWs per well. Cu@ZIF-8 NWs’ cytotoxicity is tested against four cell lines, and their effect on inflammatory response in A549 cells is examined, demonstrating good biocompatibility. This low-cost, scalable synthesis and straightforward deposition of Cu@ZIF-8 NWs onto filter media has great potential to reduce disease transmission, resource consumption, and environmental impact of waste.     

Spectral Variability of LANDSAT-4 Thematic Mapper And Multispectral Scanner Data for Selected Crop And Forest Cover Types

The performance of both the Landsat-4 TM and MSS sensors is evaluated through the analysis of image and digital data simultaneously acquired over agricultural and forestry study sites in California. Spectral statistics extracted for selected cover types include band means, variances, coefficients of variation, range values, skewness, kurtosis, and covariance and correlation matrices. Spectral characteristics are evaluated through analysis of these statistics and interpretation of image products. Image products are used to visually represent significant spectral variations between the TM bands. Significant results include: 1) the overall spectral, spatial, and radiometric quality of the TM data are excellent; 2) discrimination of crop types on single-date image data is significantly improved by the addition of the first short-wave infrared band (TM5); 3) the thermal infrared data (TM6) allows the discrimination of agricultural and forestry cover types based on differences in their radiant temperature responses; and 4) the higher TM spatial resolution (28.5 m versus 57 m) provides the ability to discriminate small agricultural fields and boundaries, forest stand boundary conditions, road and stream networks in rough terrain, and small clearings resulting from various forest management practices.     

A report on HIPERLAN standardization

HIPERLAN is the new European standard for radio LANs currently being formulated by ETSI RES10 for operation at 5 GHz and 17 GHz. It will be suitable for radio replacement of wired LANs and for ad hoc networking providing a user data rate of 10–20 Mbit/s. This paper is a review of the work of ETSI RES10 on the formulation of the HIPERLAN standard. The origins of ETSI RES10 are documented. The targets set for HIPERLAN and the problems in achieving these targets are discussed. The paper reviews the technical arguments for and against the proposed solutions to these problems, concentrating on the design of the transmission scheme and the channel access mechanism. The discussions leading to significant decisions about the standard are summarized. If the FCC in the United States of America allocate the equivalent 5 GHz band to unlicensed wireless LAN systems, many of these discussions will be revisited for future standards in this band. The paper will be of interest to anyone in academia or industry wishing to be brought quickly up to date with the state of the standard in order to focus their research or development activities. The paper also gives a general insight into the technical side of the standards formulation process in ETSI.     

Toward a Magnesium‐Iodine Battery

The quest for new electrolyte and cathode materials is a crucial point for beyond‐lithium‐ion energy storage systems. Following this, an electrolyte for secondary magnesium batteries based on a new iodoaluminate ionic liquid and δ‐MgI₂ is reported. Promising electrochemical performance in terms of Mg plating‐stripping, coulombic efficiency, and conductivity, demonstrates the potential of this iodine‐based system for future Mg secondary batteries.     

离子注入后品圆清洗带来的材料和掺杂剂损失的测量

对45nm及以下技术节点的逻辑器件嗣造来说,经过次数不断增加的高剂量离子注入光阻层的清洗步骤后,仍保持超浅结（USJ）的完整性非常重要。在PMOS区采用SiGe带来了材料方面的又—挑战。一种新型短循环法可精确测量各种去胶储洗工艺造成的非晶硅或SiGe的损失量。     

Monitoring hacker activity with a Honeynet

The Honeynet Project was founded by 30 US based security professionals with the intention of researching the techniques, tools, tactics and motives of hackers and the ‘blackhat’ community in general. A Honeynet Project is an all volunteer, non‐profit organization committed to sharing and learning the motives, tools, and tactics of the hacking community. It is comprised of a number of information security professionals dedicated to honeynet research and information security. This paper outlines the technical configuration of a honeynet, presents some of the key attacks on the honeynet to date and provides recommendations for securing networked systems. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.