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51.
Gregory P. Johnston Ross E. Muenchausen Douglas M. Smith Steve R. Foltyn 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1992,75(12):3465-3468
An aluminum (Al) target was laser ablated in a nitrogen (N2 ) atmosphere, producing aluminum nitride (AlN) powder. These powders were calcined at 900°C for 2 h. Powders were produced at various nitrogen pressures, and the calcined powders were tested for unreacted aluminum content, using differential thermal analysis (DTA). The AlN powder, produced at a laser fluence of 12 J/cm2 and a nitrogen pressure of 10.0 kPa (75 torr), showed no evidence of unreacted aluminum by DTA and was phase-pure AlN by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The surface area of this powder is 82 m2 /g, corresponding to a particle size of ∼11 nm, which is in good agreement with TEM observations. 相似文献
52.
Steve W. Martin Emanuel I. Cooper C. Austen Angell 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1983,66(9):c153-c154
A study of the high-alkali region of glass formation in the system Na2 O +B2 O3 reveals that retention of CO2 from carbonate starting materials can become a serious preparative problem at the high-alkali extreme. Results presented for glasses prepared using both Na2 O and Na2 CO3 show that residual CO2 can lead to major differences in physical properties which in this work are represented by the viscosity-related glass transition temperature . 相似文献
53.
There is a growing emphasis in many countries on matters such as participation in e-government, e-democracy, the provision of forums for online debate, and so on. A critical issue in all of these cases is one of encouraging engagement across a broad spectrum of potentially interested parties and stakeholders. In this paper, we use an ethnographic study of an online event, designed to encourage debate, to explore some critical issues in how the mechanisms productive of debate have shifted in company with the Web 2.0 phenomenon. By contrasting this with a prior study of how players managed their gameplay in a multiplayer pervasive game, we focus upon how different ways of constructing games and events can have serious implications for their ordinary everyday reportability in routine face-to-face interactions. We conclude that designing for reportability should be an active consideration when designing the resources for online debate and consider some ways in which that might be accomplished. 相似文献
54.
In principle, the oil milling process is straightforward. The wide variety of equipment in use reflects, however, a multiparametric
process. The main limiting parameters are kind of seed, oil content, particle strength, particle structure, temperature, moisture,
particle size, residence time, mechanical forces, etc. Additionally, the seed specific parameters vary not only between kinds
of seed but also for the same seed, due to different conditions in climate, soil, and harvesting. Therefore, equipment design
must be widely based on statistical averages of the limiting parameters. In other words, exact precalculation of the single
technological steps is impossible. As a consequence, for more than 5,000 years, the oil milling process has been in the stage
of being optimized. The acutal technical standard is very satisfying, but there is still a strong need for further research
and development. Currently, as in the past, the oil milling process seems to be not so much a science as an art. 相似文献
55.
Steve Lien‐Chung Hsu Keng‐Chuan Chang Yuan‐Pin Huang Shih‐Jung Tsai 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2003,88(10):2388-2391
A poly(imide benzoxazole) was prepared directly from trimellitic anhydride chloride and 2,2‐bis(3‐amino‐4‐hydroxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane (BisAPAF) monomers in a two‐step method. In the first step, a poly(hydroxyamide amic acid) precursor was synthesized by the low‐temperature solution polymerization in an organic solvent. Subsequently, thermal cyclodehydration of the poly(hydroxyamide amic acid) precursor at 350°C produced the corresponding poly(imide benzoxazole). The inherent viscosity of the precursor polymer was 0.22 dL/g. The cyclized poly(imide benzoxazole) showed a glass transition temperature (Tg) at 329°C and a 5% weight loss temperature at 530°C in nitrogen and at 525°C in air. The poly(imide benzoxazole) is amorphous as evidenced by the wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction measurement. The structures of the precursor polymer and the fully cyclized polymer were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR). © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 2388–2391, 2003 相似文献
56.
Abdellatif Mohamed Mila P. Hojilla-Evangelista Steve C. Peterson Girma Biresaw 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2007,84(3):281-288
Barley protein isolate (BPI) was extracted in 0.015 N NaOH in a 10:1 ratio solvent:flour and was precipitated by adjusting
the pH to 4.5 and freeze-dried. The thermal properties of BPI were determined using modulated differential scanning calorimetry
(MDSC). BPI with 4% moisture content exhibited a glass transition (T
g) with 140 °C onset, 153 °C middle, and 165 °C end temperatures and a ΔC
p of 0.454 J/g per °C. The high moisture content sample (50%) showed a T
g at 89, 91, or 94 °C and 0.067 ΔC
p. Acetylation had no apparent effect on the foaming and emulsifying properties of protein from barley flour but exhibited
the least-stable foam among BPI samples. Foaming capacities of both barley protein isolates were ∼12% less than that of acid-precipitated
soy protein isolate reported in the literature. Acetylated BPI showed the highest surface hydrophobicity compared to the other
samples. The surface-tension test confirmed that unmodified and modified BPI possessed surface activity. BPI phosphorous oxycloride-crosslinked
was the most effective in lowering the surface tension of aqueous NaCl, while the crosslinked BPI was the least effective.
The G′ value of BPI suspension was greater than G″ at all frequencies from 0.1 to 100 rad/s. The strain value at which linear behavior ceased and nonlinear behavior began
ranged from 3 to 10%.
Names are necessary to report factually on available data; however, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) neither
guarantees nor warrants the standard of the product, and the use of the name by the USDA implies no approval of the product
to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable. 相似文献
57.
Phosphatidylcholine acyltransferase (lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase or LCAT; EC 2.3.1.43) activity was found to be present
in pig ovarian follicular fluid (POFF), in addition to pig serum (PS). The cholesterol esterification rate in both POFF and
PS is linear with incubation time up to 2 hr. The mean absolute rate of POFF-cholesterol esterification was 8.1±0.4 nmoles
per ml per hr approximately one-fourth of that in PS. However, the fractional rate (percent of labeled cholesterol esterified
per hr) of POFF-cholesterol esterification was similar to that observed in PS. There was little variation of absolute rate
of cholesterol esterification in the fluid obtained from different sizes of follicles. Fatty acid or triacylglycerol did not
participate in the reaction of cholesterol esterification in POFF. No appreciable change in enzymatic activity was found from
storing POFF at 4 C for periods of time up to 24 hr or at −70 C up to 2 months, but activity was lost thereafter. On the other
hand, PS showed a much longer period of stability (5 days at 4 C and 9 months at −70 C). A discrepancy between the fatty acid
composition of cholesteryl esters formed by the LCAT reaction and the fatty acid composition at the C-2 position of phosphatidylcholine
led us to propose a two-step mechanism for the LCAT reaction. It is concluded that the LCAT of POFF, as well as that of plasma,
is specific for individual fatty acids rather than for the fatty acid composition of phosphatidylcholine. The fatty acid concentration
of lysophosphatidylcholine decreased during prolonged incubation times (6 to 21 hr) suggesting that the increased lysophosphatidylcholine
formed as a product of the LCAT reaction may be reused as substrate for the LCAT reaction or for hydrolysis by lysophosphatidylcholine
hydrolase.
Presented at the AOCS Meeting, New York, May 1977. 相似文献
58.
A positive‐working, aqueous‐base‐developable photosensitive polyimide precursor based on poly(amic ester)‐bearing phenolic hydroxyl groups and a diazonaphthoquinone photosensitive compound was developed. The poly(amic ester) was prepared from a direct polymerization of 2,2′‐bis‐(3‐amino‐4‐hydroxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane and bis(n‐butyl)ester of pyromellitic acid in the presence of phenylphosphonic dichloride as an activator. Subsequently, the thermal imidization of the poly(amic ester) precursor at 300°C produced the corresponding polyimide. The inherent viscosity of the precursor polymer was 0.23 dL/g. The cyclized polyimide showed a glass‐transition temperature at 356°C and a 5% weight loss at 474°C in nitrogen. The structures of the precursor polymer and the fully cyclized polymer were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and 1H‐NMR. The photosensitive polyimide precursor containing 25 wt % diazonaphthoquinone photoactive compound showed a sensitivity of 150 mJ/cm2 and a contrast of 1.65 in a 3 μm film with 1.25 wt % tetramethylammonium hydroxide developer. A pattern with a resolution of 10 μm was obtained from this composition. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 352–358, 2002 相似文献
59.
General-base catalysis in the active site of serine proteasesis carried out by the imidazole side chain of a histidine. Duringformation of the transition state, an adjacent carboxylic acidgroup stabilizes the positive charge that forms on the general-basecatalyst and as a result contributes several orders of magnitudeto the catalytic efficiency of these enzymes. In the recentlydiscovered family of self-cleaving proteins exemplified by theLexA repressor of Escherichia coli, instead of the imidazoleof a histidine, the active-site general-base catalyst was foundto be the -amino of a lysine. The considerably higher capacityof the lysine side chain for proton acceptance raises interestingquestions concerning the role of electrostatic interactionsin the mechanism of proton transfer by this highly basic group.The negative charge elimination studies described here and theireffects on the kmax and pK of LexA self-cleavage are consistentwith a model in which electrostatic interactions between anacidic side chain and the general-base catalyst form a barrierto proton transfer. The implications are that the -amino group,unlike the imidazole group, is capable of effecting proton transferwithout the intervention of a countercharge. 相似文献
60.
在许多情况下,只应用一种NDT技术存在不足,这就迫使NDT操作人员使用一种以上的技术以保证检测出危害被检物使用寿命或功能的缺陷。但分别实施多种技术的检测,就会延长检验时间。介绍了一种新的NDT设施,采用两种不同的非接触无损检测技术进行互补,即电磁声换能器(EMAT)和脉冲涡流(PEC)探头。检测结果表明,脉冲涡流和电磁声换能器因是非接触,所以可应用于材料生产过程中的自动在线检验,也可用于在役检验。 相似文献