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91.
Reverse Micelle-Mediated Synthesis and Characterization of Tricalcium Phosphate Nanopowder for Bone Graft Applications 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Nanocrystalline β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) powder was synthesized using reverse micelle as a template system. Cyclohexane was used as the oil phase, aqueous solutions of calcium nitrate and phosphoric acid as the aqueous phase, and poly(oxyethylene)5 nonylphenol ether (NP-5) and/or poly(oxyethylene)12 nonylphenol ether (NP-12) as the surfactants. The powder were synthesized at a fixed Ca/P molar ratio of 1.5 at a pH of 10. The synthesized powder were calcined at 800°C to obtain monophasic β-TCP. Particle size, morphology, and surface area of the synthesized powder were dependent on the chemistry of the surfactant and composition of the microemulsion. The powder were characterized using a BET surface area analyzer, powder X-ray diffraction, dynamic light scattering technique, and transmission electron microscopy. TCP nanoparticles had a particle size between 32 and 135 nm, and a BET-specific average surface area between 57 and 103 m2 /g with controlled morphology. The powder were consolidated and sintered at 1250°C in a 3 kW microwave furnace in the form of a compact disk. Human osteoprecursor cells (osteoblastic precursor cell line 1 [OPC1]) were used to assess the biocompatibility of TCP disks after 1, 5, and 11 days in culture using scanning electron microscopy, MTT assay, and alkaline phosphatase expressions. Disk samples were biocompatible and showed excellent OPC1 cell adhesion, growth, and proliferation. Biocompatible β-TCP nanopowder were synthesized with controlled particle size, morphology, and surface area using a reverse micelle-mediated template system. 相似文献
92.
Investigations have been carried out to evaluate the two‐phase frictional pressure drop for air non‐Newtonian liquid flow through helical coils in horizontal orientation. The experiments performed using 36 different helical coils and 4 different concentrations of sodium salt of carboxymethyl—cellulose (SCMC) as non‐Newtonian liquids. The effects of air and liquid flow rate, coil diameter, helix angle and liquid properties‐ on two‐phase frictional pressure drop have been discussed. An attempt has been made to fit the experimental two‐phase frictional pressure drop data by the Lockhart and Martinelli, Chem. Eng. Prog. 45 , 39–48 (1949) correlation and the modified Lockhart‐Martinelli correlation as presented by different authors. In another approach, friction factor method was adopted to correlate the experimental data by dimensional analysis. The correlation developed predicts the two‐phase frictional pressure drop with acceptable statistical accuracy. 相似文献
93.
This paper presents a new method for incorporating imperfect FC (fault coverage) into a combinatorial model. Imperfect FC, the probability that a single malicious fault can thwart automatic recovery mechanisms, is important to accurate reliability assessment of fault-tolerant computer systems. Until recently, it was thought that the consideration of this probability necessitated a Markov model rather than the simpler (and usually faster) combinatorial model. SEA, the new approach, separates the modeling of FC failures into two terms that are multiplied to compute the system reliability. The first term, a simple product, represents the probability that no uncovered fault occurs. The second term comes from a combinatorial model which includes the covered faults that can lead to system failure. This second term can be computed from any common approach (e.g. fault tree, block diagram, digraph) which ignores the FC concept by slightly altering the component-failure probabilities. The result of this work is that reliability engineers can use their favorite software package (which ignores the FC concept) for computing reliability, and then adjust the input and output of that program slightly to produce a result which includes FC. This method applies to any system for which: the FC probabilities are constant and state-independent; the hazard rates are state-independent; and an FC failure leads to immediate system failure 相似文献
94.
M Misra A Guest M Tilley 《Surface Coatings International Part B: Coatings Transactions》1998,81(12):594-595
Summary By utilising the Michael addition reaction, a wide range of acrylate functional silane coupling agents have been developed.
These can be used to confer functionality on the surface of nanocomposite colloidal oxides, particularly silica which can
then be incorporated into acrylic UV-curable matrices. Coatings developed from these systems provide greatly enhanced abrasion
resistance, and can approach the performance of thermally-cured silicone hardcoats. The wide range of coupling agents by this
method allows considerable flexibility in the design of coatings suitable for different substrates and a wide range of applications.
Acknowledgements: M Sollberger, T Washer, J Blizzard and J Tonge, Dow Corning Corp. 相似文献
95.
96.
Adel A. Sharif Fuming Chu Amit Misra Terence E. Mitchell John J. Petrovic 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2000,83(9):2246-2250
The elastic properties of single-crystalline erbia (Er2 O3 ) at room temperature have been investigated using resonant ultrasound spectroscopy. The three independent stiffness constants of anisotropic Er2 O3 cubic type-C crystals have been measured. The values of the stiffness constants were c 11 = 256.4 GPa, c 12 = 146.8 GPa, and c 44 = 75.2 GPa. From the stiffness constants, the estimated values for dense polycrystalline erbia for Young's modulus, the shear modulus, the bulk modulus, and Poisson's ratio at room temperature were 179 GPa, 67 GPa, 183.3 GPa, and 0.337, respectively. The value of Young's modulus is a minimum along [001] and a maximum along [111]. The value of the shear modulus is independent of the direction in the (001) and (111) planes, whereas it decreases in (11¯0) from 75 GPa along [001] to 55 GPa along [110]. 相似文献
97.
N. Li J. Wang X. Zhang A. Misra 《JOM Journal of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society》2011,63(9):62-66
Epitaxial thin films of nanotwinned face-centered cubic metals such as Cu possess an unprecedented combination of high hardness
and high electrical conductivity due to the unique structure of nanometer-spaced coherent twin boundaries. Recent studies
of in-situ nanoindentation in a transmission electron microscope have provided new insights on the deformation behavior of
nanotwins that are reviewed here. In particular, two unit processes are highlighted: first, stress-induced migration of Σ3
{112} incoherent twin boundary that leads to de-twinning of nanotwins; second, twinning dislocation can be multiplied at Σ3
{111} coherent twin boundary. 相似文献
98.
Of concern in the paper is the distribution of thermal stresses in the vicinity of a penny-shaped crack in a thick elastic
plate made of a non-isotropic material. The problem pertains to the situation where the crack is opened by a prescribed normal
pressure and a prescribed heat-flux or a prescribed temperature. 相似文献
99.
Dinesh Kumar Misra Sung Woo Sohn Won Tae Kim Do Hyang Kim 《Science and Technology of Advanced Materials》2008,9(4)
The plastic deformation of Ti45Zr16Be20Cu10Ni9 bulk metallic glass has been investigated by nanoindentation performed with loads ranging from 10 to 200 mN in a wide range of loading rates. The plastic flow in the alloy exhibited conspicuous serrations at low loading rates. The serrations, however, became less prominent as the rate of indentation increased. Atomic force microscopy showed a significant pile-up of materials around the indents, indicating that a highly localized plastic deformation occurred under nanoindentation. The possible mechanism governing the plastic deformation in bulk metallic glass specimens is tentatively discussed in terms of strain-induced free volume. 相似文献
100.
Alloy 617 (nickel based austenitic alloy) is a candidate structural material for next generation high temperature nuclear reactor. The secondary phases present in the Alloy 617 has been identified as TiN and M23C6 by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX). Surface potentials of these phases have been evaluated by Scanning Kelvin Probe Force Microscope (SKPFM). SKPFM investigation showed higher surface potential of the secondary phases than that of the austenite matrix. The surface potential of the TiN was nobler than that of M23C6 indicating that these precipitates could act as cathodic sites during oxidation reaction. Difference in the local chemistry of these phases results in variation of the chemical potentials, which in turn could lead to enhanced oxidation at localized areas in the vicinity of the secondary phase precipitates that act as cathodic sites. 相似文献