CO2减排CCS与CCU路线的热力学认识

基于Gibbs自由能理论提出了以自由能耗散Ω作为CO2减排路线的热力学评价依据,减排的意义在于减少耗散。建立了输出功w与Ω的线性函数关系:w=-1/εΩ/α=-1/(1-β)·Ω/α,参数ε、β、α分别代表自由能耗散比、保留比和不可逆损失。分析计算结果表明,CCS减排路线使自由能耗散增加5.7%且转变为环境负荷,从热力学意义上不可取。CCU减排路线以循环利用为手段,将排放物的自由能转化于再生产品中从而实现自由能回收,降低环境负荷,具有热力学优势。以工业固废磷石膏矿化8×104t/a CO2的实例分析表明,CCU是具有经济效益的CO2减排路线,同时带来可观的资源与环境效益。     

磷石膏强化氨法CO2捕集机理与模型

基于化学活性颗粒强化气液吸收机理,建立了磷石膏悬浮液强化氨法烟气CO₂捕集模型。以液膜内量纲一传质距离λ^*为特征参数,增强因子E=1/λ^*+qβλ^*/2。用恒温反应器在不同搅拌转速及磷石膏颗粒固含量下实验测定CO₂吸收增强因子对模型进行检验,结果表明:随颗粒固含量由5%增加到30%(质量分数),增强因子由1.69增加到2.10;而随搅拌转速从150 r·min^-1增加到300 r·min^-1,增强因子仅由1.75略增到1.80,表明磷石膏颗粒固含量及溶解速率是影响增强因子的控制性因素。实验结果与模型预测值吻合良好, 偏差小于10%。     

聚丙烯酸接枝型聚偏氟乙烯多孔膜的pH值感应开关特性

A series of pH-responsive gating membranes, with a wide range of grafting yields, were prepared by grafting poly (acrylic acid) (PAAC) onto porous polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane substrates with a plasma-induced pore-filling polymerization method. The effect of grafting yields on gating characteristics of pH-responsive gating membranes was investigated systematically. The results showed that the grafting yield heavily affected water flux, pH-responsiveness coefficient and pH-responsive gating factor of membrane pore size. When the grafting yield was smaller than 1.01%, both flux responsiveness coefficient and pH-responsive gating factor of pore size increased with increasing grafting yield. When the grafting yield was in the range from 1.01% to 6.44%, both flux responsiveness coefficient and pH-responsive gating factor of pore size decreased with increasing grafting yield; however, when the grafting yield was higher than 6.44%, both flux responsiveness coefficient and pH-responsive gating factor of membrane pore size approached to 1, i.e. , little gating characteristics existed. In order to obtain a satisfactory pH-responsive gating property of the membrane, the grafting yield must be kept in a proper range.     

焦石坝页岩气储层黏土组分特征及其体积分数计算

黏土矿物是焦石坝构造页岩气储层的重要组成部分,其特征及体积分数对页岩气藏的开发效果有着较大影响。文中结合区域地质特征,分析黏土矿物体积分数变化趋势及其与有机质之间的关系,定性认识黏土矿物间孔,建立测井计算模型,定量计算黏土矿物及其组分体积分数。实践证明,页岩气储层中黏土矿物总量较低,且与脆性矿物体积分数具有"镜面"特征,测井计算模型能够较为准确地计算出黏土矿物绝对体积分数。该方法在焦石坝构造五峰组—龙马溪组页岩气储层评价中,取得良好应用效果。     

不甘寂寞的三星

三星（SAMSUNG）历来是智能电话的鼎力支持者。无论什么样（NOKIA）垄断的系统。三星也会迎合市场需求推出具有三星特色的960产品。应该说,三星是一位优秀的商人,很明白把握市场以及消费者的心理。正是如此．在Android泛滥的今天。三星推出此类产同时。     

脉冲微波辐射作用下小鼠骨髓细胞微核形成的初步观察

三组小鼠分别放在6、9、12mw/cm~2场强的脉冲微波中照射,取其股骨骨髓涂片镜检。第一组微核平均检出率为6‰,第二组为10‰,第三组为11‰,对照组为3‰。     

Simulation of mass transfer from an oscillating microdroplet

Mass transfer from micrometer and sub-micrometer airborne microdroplets arises in various chemical process, material science, and atmospheric phenomena, such as impinging flow reactor and unsteady pollutant diffusion, where microdroplet oscillation can substantially increase the mass transfer rate. Previous theories, however, do not adequately predict this enhancement of mass transfer, especially in the case of relatively large-amplitude oscillations. We have analyzed slow evaporation of an oscillating microdroplet having a sufficiently low vapor pressure such that it remains at the surrounding gas temperature and has a negligibly small rate of change of diameter. We solved the governing convective diffusion equation numerically to obtain the Sherwood number as a function of the system parameters. These include the oscillation frequency, the maximum velocity, and the initial microdroplet diameter. The theoretical results are compared with mass transfer data from the literature for a dodecanol microdroplet levitated in an electrodynamic balance (EDB) and oscillated by varying the dc levitation voltage and the ac amplitude and frequency. The predicted Sherwood numbers agree with the experimental results with a mean deviation of 9.2%. The analysis shows a distinct periodic change in the mass transfer rate or Sherwood number with a period that is one-half the period of oscillation of the microdroplet.     

时不变系统格莱姆矩阵的精细积分

格莱姆矩阵是反映线性系统结构特性的重要指标,通过对时不变系统状态方程的分析,将指数矩阵精细积分法的关键思想,即加法定理和增量存储直接应用于格莱姆矩阵的求解,给出了格莱姆矩阵的具体计算方法,得到了其精确数值解．该求解方法不需要矩阵求逆运算,当系统矩阵奇异或不稳定时,均能高精度求解．最后通过两个数值算例的仿真,验证了以上方法的正确性和有效性．     

基于离散曲率熵的徘徊行为检测

针对公共重点区域的智能监视问题,提出了一种新的徘徊行为异常检测方法。该方法利用视频目标跟踪算法得到可疑行人的运动轨迹,通过曲线拟合对运动目标的离散点轨迹进行平滑,计算离散点的离散曲率,计算感兴趣区域内运动目标轨迹点的离散曲率的熵及方差,通过离散熵阈值比较进行徘徊行为判断,该方法只需计算运动目标的轨迹,无需建立样本库,实验证明了该方法的有效性、实时性。     

新话题女王 苹果新iPhone 4首测

苹果（Apple）总是不缺乏话题。无论是终端产品,还是乔布斯自身都是话题。随着iPhone 4沸沸扬扬的上市热卖,苹果又一次站在了舆论的浪尖。不过,这次除了称赞、鲜花,还有轰动的＂天线门＂事件。尽管如此,iPhone 4作为苹果2007年发布iPhone以来,改变最为明显的一代产品,相信将是大多数水果迷换机的首选。想知道新的iOS 4是不是像Jobs鼓吹的那样神奇？是不是真有天线门问题？还是随MI欢迎新话题女王——iPhone 4登场吧!