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91.
92.
This paper deals with the pricing and investment decision problem of multi-modal transportation systems in which the congestion
is a significant factor in the assessment of system costs. This study approaches this congestion pricing problem with a number
of social welfare maximization problems, all of which have the identical structure except financial constraints. One welfare
maximization problem examined in this study yields the pricing and investment decision, which can attain the first-best social
optimality for multi-modal transportation systems. Other welfare maximization problems show he second-best optimal solutions
that can address two policy questions in transportation economics, namely, the cross-subsidy between competing modes and peak-period
congestion charges on a single highway link.
Received: February 2001/Accepted: December 2001
This work was supported in part by funds from BK21 Research Division of Seoul National University for Social Infrastructure
and Construction Technology. 相似文献
93.
A recursive method based on the Kalman filtering is developed to solve inverse natural convection problems of estimating
the unsteady nonuniform wall heat flux from temperature measurements in the flow. By employing the Karhunen–Loève Galerkin
procedure that reduces the Boussinesq equation to a small set of ordinary differential equations, the computational difficulties
associated with the Kalman filtering for the partial differential equations are overcome. The present method is assessed through
several numerical experiments, and is found to yield satisfactory results.
Received 20 January 2001 / Accepted 31 May 2001 相似文献
94.
95.
In recent years, the topic of knowledge production has been widely investigated in the advanced countries. However, the process
by which knowledge is produced in the developing countries has not been fully explored or characterized. In Korea, the science
and engineering fields strongly reflect systems of knowledge production in the universities and demonstrate the dynamics of
systems of innovation for knowledge production. Through using a case study including data for knowledge production, in the
field of information and telecommunication, the following general trends were observed. Firstly, there has been a trend towards
increasing the capabilities for knowledge production, via domestic and foreign collaboration. Secondly, there has been an
increasing trend towards the diversification of knowledge sources such as university-industry, and university-public research
institutes. Finally, the establishment of a nation's knowledge base is influenced by governmental research and development
policies.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
96.
97.
The photonic quantum ring (PQR) laser is a three dimensional whispering gallery (WG) mode laser and has anomalous quantum wire properties, such as microampere to nanoampere range threshold currents and √T‐dependent thermal red shifts. We observed uniform bottom emissions from a 1‐kb smart pixel chip of a 32×32 InGaAs PQR laser array flip‐chip bonded to a 0.35 µm CMOS‐based PQR laser driver. The PQR‐CMOS smart pixel array, now operating at 30 MHz, will be improved to the GHz frequency range through device and circuit optimization. 相似文献
98.
To provide responsive information services in a ubiquitous computing environment, service software and system development are indispensable. A component-based ubiquitous information system with a JAIN (Java APIs for Integrated Networks) platform to achieve seamless transmissions and reach-everywhere communications was designed in our research. In this development, numerous ubiquitous service modules were identified: location management, roaming, mobile IP and WAP networking. These component-based network modules were constructed using a component composition language with component specification and interface definition, running on top of a distributed service architecture using a JAIN platform to distribute the ubiquitous information services to mobile users. Two applications, Wireless-Application-Protocol (WAP) Mail and Video-on-Demand (VoD) services, show that the JAIN-like platform with the developed networking components effectively fills the gap for application developers between mobile appliances and various kinds of ubiquitous information services. 相似文献
99.
M.H. Song B. Park S. Nishimura T. Toyooka I.J. Chung Y. Takanishi K. Ishikawa H. Takezoe 《Advanced functional materials》2006,16(14):1793-1798
A liquid crystal (LC) photonic device with an anisotropic optical heterojunction structure has been fabricated. The device has a phase‐retarding nematic LC (NLC) layer sandwiched between two polymer cholesteric LC films with right‐handed helices of different pitches. Electrotunable non‐reciprocal light transmittance and unidirectional circularly polarized (CP) lasing emission have been successfully demonstrated for this device structure. Two left CP (LCP) lasing emission peaks are observed at the edges of the overlapping region between the two photonic bands in the structure and are shifted upon the application of a voltage. In contrast, a non‐reciprocal right CP (RCP) lasing emission peak emerges at one of the band edges and diminishes upon the application of a voltage. These phenomena are interpreted based on the selective reflection of RCP light and the reorientation of the NLC molecules by the application of a voltage. 相似文献
100.
Ilyong Yoon Byoungho Lee Soojin Park 《Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE》2006,18(6):776-778
A new fiber depolarizer employing a polarization beam splitter loop structure is proposed and demonstrated. The depolarizer is devised for broad-band operation and the depolarization of narrow linewidth light source without any help of polarization controllers or Faraday rotator mirrors. A polarizing method is developed that shows good performance without polarization control unit. Therefore, the proposed depolarizer can be cost-effective and easily configured. From experiments, low output degree of polarization less than 10% is obtained for a narrow linewidth light source. 相似文献