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81.
Although left anterior oblique (LAO) gastric emptying studies appear to be an adequate alternative to geometric mean (GM) measurements in patients with normal gastric anatomy, it is not clear whether they can be used after gastric or duodenal surgery. In this study, dual-phase gastric emptying studies with combined solid-liquid meal were performed in 54 patients who had undergone pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple procedure). Gastric emptying was studied with GM, LAO, and anterior (ANT) methods. T1/2 and percent gastric retention at 10, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes were calculated. Results from the three methods were compared using correlation analysis and the t test. The t test showed no significant difference in T1/2 and percent retention values between the GM and LAO or ANT views. The solid emptying T1/2 showed a better correlation between GM and LAO values (r = 0.824) than between GM and ANT (r = 0.589). For the liquid T1/2, the reverse was true. Correlation between GM and ANT (r = 0.939) was better than between GM and LAO (r = 0.839); however, both LAO and ANT views correlated well with GM liquid emptying. It is concluded that the LAO view can replace GM gastric emptying methods in postpancreaticoduodenectomy patients for evaluation of both solid and liquid emptying, although the ANT view appears completely adequate for the study of liquid emptying. 相似文献
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An experiment was conducted to examine how the response of dairy cows to a change from twice to three times-daily milking is affected by deficiencies in the dietary supplies of three amino acids, His, Met, and Lys. Six cows were used in a 6 x 6 Latin square with 14-d periods. The three dietary treatments were: grass silage and a cereal-based supplement containing feather meal as the sole protein supplement; the same silage-cereal diet supplying similar amounts of metabolizable and rumen-undegradable protein but with additional amounts of His, Met, and Lys in the form of fish meal; and the fish meal diet with additional metabolizable energy in the form of an additional 2 kg/d of sugar beet pulp. Within each of these dietary treatments, the cows were milked twice and three times daily, making a total of six treatments. When cows were given the feather meal diet, even though dietary metabolizable energy was in considerable excess, a deficiency of specific amino acids prevented any increase in milk yield in response to increasing the frequency of milking from twice to three times daily. In contrast, when cows consumed a similar level of excess metabolizable energy and a similar level of rumen-undegradable protein for which the protein was of better amino acid balance (fish meal), the increased frequency of milking led to increased yield of milk and milk protein. 相似文献
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In this work, a new vertex-based finite volume method (FVM) using unstructured grids and cell-based data structure is proposed
for computational analysis of two-and three-dimensional (2D/3D) general structural dynamic problems. The governing equations
are spatially discretized by the FVM and an implicit dual time stepping scheme is employed to integrate the equations in time.
The proposed method is applied to calculate deformations and dynamics of 2D and 3D cantilevers, as well as simply supported
and clamped square plates. Computational results obtained are found to agree well with analytical solutions. It can be a viable
alternative to the traditional finite element method (FEM) for structural dynamic calculations. And it can be seamlessly integrated
into FVM-based Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) solver for simulating fluid-structure interaction (FSI). 相似文献
88.
A fully integrated CMOS limiting amplifier (LA) is presented. Its novel implementation of the offset compensation circuit completely removes bulky off-chip RC components. The LA is designed using a 0.18 mum CMOS technology and it obtains a 40 dB gain with a bandwidth of 1.8 GHz. The total power consumption is only 18.39 mW under a 1.8 V voltage supply. 相似文献
89.
Xin Peng Wang Eu-Jin Lim A. Hong Yu Yu Ming-Fu Li Chi Ren Wei-Yip Loh Chun Xiang Zhu Chin A. Trigg A.D. Yee-Chia Yeo Biesemans S. Guo-Qiang Lo Dim-Lee Kwong 《Electron Devices, IEEE Transactions on》2007,54(11):2871-2877
A lanthanum (La)-doped HfN is investigated as an n-type metal gate electrode on SiO2 with tunable work function. The variation of La concentration in (HfinfinLa1-x)Ny modulates the gate work function from 4.6 to 3.9 eV and remains stable after high-temperature annealing (900degC to 1000degC), which makes it suitable for n-channel MOSFET application. An ultrathin high-fc dielectric layer was formed at the metal/SiO2 interface due to the (HfinfinLa1-x)Ny and SiO2 interaction during annealing. This causes a slight reduction in the effective oxide thickness and improves the tunneling current of the gate dielectric by two to three orders. We also report the tunability of TaN with Al doping, which is suitable for a p-type metal gate work function. Based on our results, several dual-gate integration processes by incorporating lanthanum or aluminum into a refractory metal nitride for CMOS technology are proposed. 相似文献
90.
Kah-Wee Ang Chih-Hang Tung Balasubramanian N. Samudra G.S. Yee-Chia Yeo 《Electron Device Letters, IEEE》2007,28(7):609-612
We report the demonstration of 55 nm gate length strained n-channel field-effect transistors (n-FETs) having an embedded Si1-xGex structure that is beneath the Si channel region and which acts as a strain-transfer structure (STS). The Si1-xGex STS has lattice interactions with both the silicon source and drain regions and with the overlying Si channel region. This effectively results in a transfer of lateral tensile strain to the Si channel region for electron mobility enhancement. The mechanism of strain transfer is explained. Significant drive current Ion enhancement of 18% at a fixed off-state leakage Ioff of 100 nA/mum is achieved, which is attributed to the strain-induced mobility enhancement. Furthermore, continuous downsizing of transistors leads to higher Ion enhancement in the strained n-FETs, which is consistent with the increasing transconductance Gm improvement when the gate length is reduced. 相似文献