High- performance liquid chromatography method applied to investigate mechanism,kinetics, isotherm,and thermodynamics of bile acid adsorption onto bile acid sequestrants

The purpose of the study was to develop and validate a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method which can be further applied to understand the mechanism, kinetics, isotherm, and thermodynamics of bile acid adsorption onto bile acid sequestrants. To investigate these properties a HPLC method was developed using peerless C-8 (150 x 4.6?mm, 5?µm) column with a detection wavelength of 200?nm and run time of about 12.5?min. Bile salts glycocholic (GC), glycochenodeoxycholic (GCDC), and taurodeoxycholic acid (TDC), were used and colesevelam hydrochloride was employed as the bile acid sequestrant. The calibration range was found linear from 10 to 6500?mgL^?1 for GC and GCDC and 4to 2400?mg L^?1 for TDC. The precision was less than 8.8% and accuracy was found well within the range of 85 to 115%. On treating the data with various established models, it was known that, the adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo second order equation indicating chemisorption mechanism. Equilibrium isotherms revealed that the linear form of Langmuir model was the best fit. The separation factor (R_L) calculated revealed that the reaction is favorable and reversible. The positive value of heat of sorption (B) calculated from Temkin model indicated towards the exothermic nature of adsorption. The adsorption energy (E) calculated from Dubinin-Kaganer-Radushkevich model was found to be greater than 8 KJmol^?1 conforming chemisorption mechanism. The Gibbs free energy calculated established the affinity of bile salts as TDC?>?GCDC?>?GC.     

卷接机组风力集中供给方式的研究与应用

针对国内PROTOS、PASSIM、长城等主流卷接机组机型,结合风力集中供给与除尘、风力单机供给与集中除尘两种风力供给系统的特性,运用"协同学"原理和"可靠性"理论,对卷接机组的不同风力供给方式的稳定性和可靠性进行了分析,并通过对5家卷烟厂的应用效果对比,验证了该类设备采用多机组集中工艺风力供给方式的合理性。     

Present scenario and future scope of food waste to biofuel production

Food waste is the outcome of different food processing practices that have not been reused and are disposed of as waste. Food wastes are rich in a wide variety of organic constituents including starches, proteins, oils, fats, phosphates, nutrients, amino acids, and natural acids. Food waste is a zero-value and nonconsumable resource. In this context, the valorization of food waste to different sorts of biofuels, for example, biodiesel, bioethanol, biohydrogen, bio-oil, biochar, and biomethane by employing well-structured and efficient valorization technologies can be an attractive and viable approach to counter the current global energy crisis and in establishing a sustainable bioeconomy. This type of food waste management not only resolves the serious pollution problem but also helps to reduce the dependency of the energy sector on fossil fuels. This review discusses the characteristics of food waste, common strategies for food waste management, food waste as a feedstock, biofuels as a renewable energy source, valorization of food waste to various types of biofuels, microbes-assisted valorization of food waste, biofuels and bioeconomy, and future scope and challenges in the valorization of food waste to biofuels.     

Microwave-Sintered MgO-Doped Zirconia with Improved Mechanical and Tribological Properties

This paper reports the results of microwave sintering (without post-sintering annealing) on the microstructure, phase assemblage, and properties of 8 mol% (PSZ—partially stabilized zirconia), and 16 mol% (FSZ—fully stabilized zirconia) MgO-alloyed zirconia. For the PSZ samples sintered at 1585°C, a maximum densification of ∼98%ρ_th, along with a hardness of ∼10.6 GPa and a fracture toughness of ∼6.8 MPa·m^1/2, was obtained. The results of tribological experiments on some selected samples revealed that a good combination of a lower coefficient of friction of 0.35 and a wear rate of 10⁻⁷ mm³/N m can be obtained with the optimally sintered Mg-PSZ.     

CRIA Delegation Went to Japan for Investigation

From June 26 to July 3, led by the president Fan Rende, a team of 26 people consisting of representa- tives of production and distribution enterprises en- gaged in hoses & belts, tires, raw materials, rubber products, auto parts, etc. organized by China Rubber Industry Association (CRIA) went to Japan for investi- gation. During that period, they successively visited Japan Ohno Rubber Industrial Co., Ltd. Kitsuregawa Plant, Japan Rubber Manufacturer Association, Japan Rubber Society, Toyota Auto Museum, Japan Sumito- mo Rubber Industries Ltd. Nagoya Plant, Tokai Rub- ber Industries Ltd. Komaki Plant, and Japan Nagoya Cherry Blossom Integrative Nursing Home.