Localizing overlapping parts by searching the interpretation tree

This paper discusses how local measurements of positions and surface normals may be used to identify and locate overlapping objects. The objects are modeled as polyhedra (or polygons) having up to six degrees of positional freedom relative to the sensors. The approach operates by examining all hypotheses about pairings between sensed data and object surfaces and efficiently discarding inconsistent ones by using local constraints on: distances between faces, angles between face normals, and angles (relative to the surface normals) of vectors between sensed points. The method described here is an extension of a method for recognition and localization of nonoverlapping parts previously described in [18] and [15].     

用氩气和氯气吹洗的方法从Al—Mg合金中除去钠

用5■公斤批量熔体研究了从Al—Mg合金中除钠,使之降到1ppm水平。采用了不同的方法:用叶轮机械搅拌;叶轮搅拌+MgCl_2盐覆盖;叶轮搅拌+惰性气体(氩气)吹洗,同时用盐覆盖或不用盐覆盖;叶轮搅拌,惰性气体+2％Cl_2吹洗。叶轮有一个单一的气体入口与空心轴相通。本试验给出了Na-时间关系曲线,它是用Na+1/2Cl_2=NaCl反应的化学计算法简单确定的。其理由是气泡熔体的接触面积足够大。在各个试验中发现镁都没有明显的去掉。如果接触面积不够大,除钠应该是由熔体中质量迁移起支配作用。文中也处理了这种情况的动力学。根据各种实验室的试验确定了顶部表面的质量迁移系数。在除去溶解氧的水模型试验中,测定了叶轮不同转速和气体不同流量下的接触面积。这些结果与带有多孔装置的化学工程系统有比较好的一致性。然而,不知道这些结果能否满意地推广到工业规模的装置上。     

AN EXPERIMENTAL-NUMERICAL METHOD FOR MEASURING CRACK PROPAGATING VELOCITIES UNDER STRESS WAVE LOADING

An experimental-numerical method for measuring dynamic crack propagating velocities under stress wave loading is established in this paper. The experiments of the three-point bend specimen are done on the improved Hopkinson bar. Deflection of loading point, dynamic load and instantaneous crack length are measured, then crack propagating velocities are calculated. Experiments on 40Cr steel show that the results given by this method have a good agreement with that obtained by the resistance fracture gage method. Therefore this method is feasible for measuring crack propagating velocities under high loading rate and will have wide application.     

Use of electron microscopy on microstructure characterization of high chromium cast irons

The physical metallurgy underlying the development of cast microstructures in abrasion resistant high chromium cast irons, and their structural modification by thermal treatments is relatively complex. Structural characterisation via electron microscopy therefore has a key role to play in furthering our understanding of the phase transformations that control the microstructures and hence the service performances of these irons as wear parts. This paper shows how both scanning and especially transmission electron microscopy can provide valuable information on the nature of eutectic and secondary carbides and on the matrix structures in these irons. Particular attention is given to current characterisation research on conventionally cast 30%Cr irons that are used for applications involving corrosive wear e.g. slurry pumps and on a semi-solid cast 27%Cr iron that has a potential for applications in industry.     

金刚石化学机械抛光垫修整器的发展方向与前景（上）

半导体芯片的生产主要依靠化学机械抛光(CMP)工序使硅片表面平坦化，使复杂的集成电路能非常有效地工作。做为电路设计不可避免地趋向于采用高度集成和多层结构。故化学机械抛光技术必须紧跟其需要与发展。化学机械抛光垫性能的关键是采用金刚石化学机械抛光垫修整器工作时，抛光垫工作寿命期间，必须保持恒定的抛光效果。     

NANO-MULTILAYERS WITH HIGH PERPENDICULAR ANISOTROPY FOR MAGNETIC RECORDING

(FePt/Ag)n nano-multilayers were deposited on MgO (100) single crystal with laser ablation and then subjected to annealing. FePt L1o grains with (001) texture and thus a large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy constant Ku of the order of 106 J/m3 were formed. A thick Ag layer is found to be favorable for decreasing the dispersion of the easy axis for magnetization. The measurement of time decay of magnetization gave rise to a small activation volume of the order of 10-25m3, showing the promising of being the recording medium for future high density perpendicular recording.     

低变质程度煤液化效果的同位素监测

通过在1升的带搅拌的高压釜中使煤的重量浓度从0依次增加到2~(7％)的一系列实验,研究了Vesta次烟煤对Athabasca抽提后沥青(切除了低于350℃馏份)共处理的效果。将Vesta煤与沥青(3.94‰)之间存在的~(13)C/~(12)C比例的差别用作天然同位素示踪,以监测煤和沥青进入每一种合成液体馏份中的比率。通过比较同位素测得的产品中来自煤的比率表明:煤进入到馏出物、甲苯可溶物、甲苯不溶物的比例随掺入的煤量的增加而逐渐增加。煤的重量百分比从15％增加到2~(6％),结果甲苯不溶物增加了三倍。相应地,沥青进入到合成液体中的碳的比例也随煤的浓度而变化。比较沥青加氢处理与共处理中同位素测得的产品量表明:煤的浓度从4％增加到8％,馏出物的量增加14—17％,而甲苯可溶物相应地减少32—49％。煤的浓度为15—26％时,共处理中单独由沥青提供的馏出物无明显增加,而沥青提供的甲苯不溶物的碳的比例从0.9％增加到5.0％。这些结果表明:由5—10％的煤组成的煤-沥青混合物共处理,能够促进沥青馏出物的生成。