The fate of 14C-radiolabelled diclofenac and 4'-hydroxydiclofenac in membrane bioreactor treatment of wastewater

This study aimed at enhancing knowledge on the fate of diclofenac (DF), together with its main human metabolite 4'-hydroxydiclofenac (4'OHDF), during wastewater treatment by using a laboratory-scale membrane bioreactor (MBR). The reactor was fed continuously with non-radiolabelled diclofenac for a one month period prior to a single pulse of a 14C-radiolabelled solution of DF and 4'OHDF. The solution spike contained approximately 25% 4'OHDF and 65% DF, which corresponds to the ratio observed in municipal sewage, as well as traces of two other metabolites. The radioactivity was monitored for a total of twelve days in the various output streams. The calculation of the complete mass balance in the system demonstrated that the major part of the radioactivity left the reactor with the permeate (88.7%), while 2.1% was recovered in the excess sludge. Negligible amounts were recovered in the off-gas traps and on the membranes. Chromatographic analyses of effluent samples, by means of HPLC-MS coupled in parallel to a radiodetector, displayed a different pattern than the one of the spiked solution. It showed the occurrence of three additional metabolites.     

抽水蓄能机组设计经验

抽水蓄能电站机组的设计必须保证高峰负荷运行的高可用性和可靠性。在过去50多年间。阿尔斯通公司为提升机组运行性能、效率和可靠性,不断改进其设计。深入研究了阿尔斯通公司设计和安装可逆式抽水蓄能电站的经验。     

美国《清洁水法》的公众参与要求辨析

介绍了美国《清洁水法》中的公众参与要求,以及美国国家污染物排放削减（NPDES）许可证制度,并对NPDES许可证的发放进行了详细说明。同时,用诸多实例介绍了NPDES许可证制度实施过程中因涉及避开公众监督而导致的法律挑战,论述了缺少公众意见可能带来的问题。文章指出,让公众获得更多信息并参与环保决策,可推动决策的执行,强化问责机制,保障公众的利益,并对改善水质尤为重要。     

Sex-related differences in foot shape

The purpose of the study was to investigate sex-related differences in foot morphology. In total, 847 subjects were scanned using a 3-D-footscanner. Three different analysis methods were used: (1) comparisons were made for absolute foot measures within 250-270 mm foot length (FL); (2) and for averaged measures (% FL) across all sizes; (3) the feet were then classified using a cluster analysis. Within 250-270 mm FL, male feet were wider and higher (mean differences (MD) 1.3-5.9 mm). No relevant sex-related differences could be found in the comparison of averaged measures (MD 0.3-0.6% FL). Foot types were categorised into voluminous, flat-pointed and slender. Shorter feet were more often voluminous, longer feet were more likely to be narrow and flat. However, the definition of 'short' and 'long' was sex-related; thus, allometry of foot measures was different. For shoe design, measures should be derived for each size and sex separately. Different foot types should be considered to account for the variety in foot shape. Improper footwear can cause foot pain and deformity. Therefore, knowledge of sex-related differences in foot measures is important to assist proper shoe fit in both men and women. The present study supplements the field of knowledge within this context with recommendations for the manufacturing of shoes.     

破解成功求职的密码

就业,乃民生之本,关乎稳定。持续蔓延的全球金融危机与经济衰退,也在威胁着原本就压力重重的就业市场:失业返乡和滞留城市难以就业的农民工超过2000万,应届高校毕业生600多万,此外还有城镇新增失业者以及非应届待岗人员。这三路就业大军形成的叠加效应,使就业市场面临前所未有的压力。温家宝总理曾坦言自己最担心两件事,一是农民工返乡,二是大学生就业,他在人民大会堂金色大厅会见中外记者时说,"失业问题是我们面临的一个十分严重的问题。对这个问题,我们政府将百倍重视,不可掉以轻心。"权威职业规划咨询机构向阳生涯在刚刚结束的JCP超级规划家第一阶段"求职特训营"中,帮助学员寻找自己的最佳职业定位和求职目标,同时也破解了职业规划、人生成功、求职与就业的核心秘密。我们整理了特训中的部分核心秘密,希望为更多的朋友提供借鉴与启示。     

泡论坛傲游截图最简单

最近买了电脑,装了宽带,我每天都可以泡在电脑论坛上,特别是自己最喜欢的PCD论坛。有时,我须要抓下系统错误图片或一些设置图片贴到论坛上向大大们请教,一般情况下都是用QQ截图,可如果遇到没有启动QQ时又该怎么办？还好,论坛上的大大教我直接用傲游来截取电脑屏幕上的图片,让我一下从彻底的“菜鸟”进化成了“中鸟”。     

为什么显示器也需要通过Vista认证

最近有些读者朋友问：现在微软为什么这么霸道,连显示器都要通过它的认证,没有通过Windows Vista认证的液晶显示器会有什么不同吗？液晶显示器和Windows Vista操作系统之间到底有什么必要的联系呢？通过Windows Vista认证的显示器又有什么好处呢？针对上述种种疑问,今天我们将为大家一一解答。     

Generation of multifrequency laser emission quasi equally spaced throughout the entire visible region

A circularly polarized, monochromatic laser beam is focused into a Raman cell, which contains hydrogen to generate rotational stimulated Raman emission. After linear polarization, this two-color (separated by 587 cm(-1)) laser beam is focused several times into a second Raman cell that is filled with hydrogen to generate a multifrequency laser emission. Many rotational and vibrational lines are generated efficiently by this multipass effect. Eighteen colors that are quasi equally spaced with a rather flat intensity distribution are generated throughout the entire visible region. The present multifrequency laser emission may be advantageously used for illumination in a higher-grade display, such as a laser light show.     

Superresolution readout system with electrical equalization for optical disks

An electrical equalizer for a superresolution readout system with an optical apodizer is proposed and verified experimentally. This superresolution readout system uses a five-tap transversal filter as the electrical equalizer instead of additional optics to suppress enlarged sidelobes, and it achieves higher resolution than the diffraction-limited system. The transfer function of the electrical equalizer is also derived theoretically. This approach allows fabrication of a readout system with a good signal-to-noise ratio and a compact head.