Fluor SOx净化工艺--为俄罗斯绿色环境开发的将SO2转化为元素硫的经济技术

Fluor公司开发的Fluor SO_2净化工艺具有广泛多样的工艺布局,可以通过经济的方式定制脱除烟气中的有害组成。该工艺几乎能去除全部SO_2并减少CO排放。Fluor SO_x净化工艺的主要步骤已在多套工业装置中得到成功的证实。除技术可行、经济合理之外,Fluor SO_x净化工艺不会产生任何有害副产物,也不会遇到与SO_3 有关的腐蚀问题。此外,该工艺生产高纯度可市售的元素硫。论述了Fluor SO_x净化工艺的特征、技术和成本优势、设计和操作的简易性以及实施的便利性。     

准确计算摩擦系数

介绍一种非常准确的摩擦系数计算公式,它可以直接求解,而不用通常的试差法。     

一种结构新颖的热交换器

<正> 最近,笔者研制了一种结构新颖的热交换器。这种热交换器可在很大程度上克服常规热交换设备所存在的两个不足之处,即换热表面的污染和密封垫圈的泄漏。新的换热器采用了新的结构和新的流体运动模式,相比现有的其他各种换热设备,它能向使用单位提供更多的便利。 在常规换热器使用过程中,被加热或冷     

Assessment of response function in two PET scanners with and without interplane septa

The authors have assessed the response function both experimentally and theoretically for two commercial tomographs: CTI 931/08-12 and CTI 953B with and without interplane septa. Monte Carlo simulations were undertaken using the GEANT package from CERN. Spatial resolution (tomographic and axial) was calculated for line sources at various positions in the field of view. Sensitivity and scatter fraction (SF) were calculated for various source geometries as a function of energy discrimination. A very realistic response function in positron emission tomography (PET) is obtained by Monte Carlo methods, using global parameters to account for unsimulated phenomena such as scintillation light transport inside a detector block and its sharing among the various phototubes. Minor discrepancies remain for sensitivity and SF at high energy thresholds and may probably be explained by introducing the observed dispersion in the energy response for the various crystals within a detector block.     

Noise equivalent count measurements in a neuro-PET scanner with retractable septa

The noise-equivalent count-rate (NEC) performance of a neuro-positron emission tomography (PET) scanner has been determined with and without interplane septa on uniform cylindrical phantoms of differing radii and in human studies to assess the optimum count rate conditions that realize the maximum gain. In the brain, the effective gain in NEC performance for three-dimensions (3-D) ranges from >5 at low count rates to approximately 3.3 at 200 kcps (equivalent to 37 kcps in 2-D). The gains of the 3-D method assessed by this analysis are significant, and are shown to be highly dependent on count rate and object dimensions.     

应力腐蚀裂绞前端氢脆区的形成和消失

已经研究了氢脆在A1-Mg合金应力腐蚀开裂中所起的作用.根据实验结果,提出了应力腐蚀裂纹的形成和扩展的下述模型.第一,裂纹源心由机械-化学腐蚀产生的.第二,由腐蚀产生了氢气,而氢气由裂纹尖端前面的塑性区的位错运动向前输送.由于铝合金的晶界对腐蚀一般是敏感的,并且氢气也易于在晶界集中,所以,沿晶界形成了氢影响区.第三,在氢脆、应力集     

含硫、氧的球墨铸铁孕育剂

常规的球墨铸铁生产中，铁中能否有硫化物和氧化物作为石墨结晶的核心，取决了原铁水的纯度和添加剂、保持时间和温度以及冶金处理工艺和添加剂。     

Bi-based superconductors fabricated in high magnetic fields

The microstructure and superconducting properties of Bi-2223 superconductor fabricated in high magnetic fields were investigated. The results shows that the Bi-2212 grains with their c-axis parallel to the magnetic field were formed after the partial-melting and solidification in 8 T magnetic field, and transformed into the Bi-2223 grains with c-axis alignment during the further sintering process at 840 ℃ without magnetic field. The conversion of Bi-2212 grains to Bi-2223 grains has the heredity in grain alignment. The mixed structures of the Bi-2223 and the Bi-2212 grains with their c-axis parallel to the magnetic field are formed in samples sintered at 850-855 ℃ in 10 T magnetic field. When sintered in 10 T below 845 ℃, a high proportion of Bi-2223 phase is obtained, however no preferred orientation is observed. The Bi-2223 grains with their c-axis parallel to the axial direction of the vertical tube furnace are formed not only on the surface, but also in the center of the sample sintered at 850 ℃ for 120 h in a 15 ℃/cm temperature gradient without magnetic field. Moreover, the samples sintered in the temperature gradient and in a 10 T magnetic field have a stronger c-axis alignment ofbi-2223 phase.     

在氮—甲醇混合气中渗碳

1.引言近几年来,热处理厂对用可供选择的供气法来代替传统发生器的吸热气体气氛越来越感兴趣,其原因主要是天然气和丙烷的成本飞速增长。如图1所示,例如从1976年到1982年的天然气价格约上涨了120％。由于80～100％的发生器气体成本(视水费、电费和维护费而定)是由天然气或丙烷的成本所决定的,所以发生器气体的成本也就同样上升了。采用氮-甲醇气氛可以降低保护气体的成本。另外,还有下列各种原因对改用合成供气很为重要: ——能够提高生产;保护气体的成份可灵活多变;载气需要量最佳地适应工况和炉况;可靠性(没有发生器的故障);维修简便;操作