Identification and evaluation of volatile compounds of vacuum and modified atmosphere packaged beef strip loins

Beef strip loins were packaged and stored for up to 28 days at 3°C in high-oxygen barrier film under vacuum and in 100% CO(2), 40% CO(2)/60% N(2) and 20% CO(2)/80% O(2). As storage progressed, loins packaged and stored in 20% CO(2)/80% O(2) developed strong off-odors. 1-hexene, methyl thiirane, ethyl acetate, benzene and 1-heptene were detected in these packaged loins beginning at 7 to 14 days of storage. With the exception of 1-hexene, these compounds were not consistently detected in loins stored in vacuum, in 100% CO(2), or in 40% CO(2)/60% N(2), and these packaged loins developed much less off-odor during storage than loins packaged and stored in 20% CO(2)/80% O(2). A large number of volatile compounds from the headspace of the packaged loins originated from the packaging material. Lactobacillus plantarum became the dominant flora on loins stored under vacuum and under 40% CO(2)/60% N(2) while Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides predominated in loins stored in 100% CO(2). Pseudomonas putida eventually dominated on loins stored in 20% CO(2)/80% O(2).     

Machine-cycling errors with foot switches in repetitive tasks. A workstation design simulation experiment

In this experiment a non-hazardous industrial machine simulator was used to evaluate errors made when using a foot switch to initiate dangerous, repetitive machine motions. Subjects were experienced employees who normally operated metalworking presses and similar hazardous machines on jobs matching the simulation. Four variables (force needed to push switch to closure, the switch's force feedback felt by the subject, subject working posture, and hand task involved in stamping a simulated workpiece) were evaluated for their main and interactive effects upon frequency of machine-cycling errors in a repetitive task. Equipment problems which required immediate correction were introduced at a rate of 4.9 events/h. Also, three covariables (the rate of repetitive use of the switch to make hits on simulated workpieces, subject age and subject experience at foot switch-controlled workstations) were examined for their contribution to cycling errors. Although hand task was a significant effect in error prediction models containing the four primary variables, it was found that a model containing the hit rate covariate (rate of repeated use of the foot switch) provided the best predictor of the frequency of inadvertent actuation errors. An error threshold was observed at about 17.5 hits/min with a high linear correlation between hit rate and machine-cycling errors at higher hit rates. Based on results of the experiment, this report presents design considerations for workstations which use foot controls to help minimise the chance of machine-cycling errors and injury.     

Tenderness of major muscles from three breed-types of cattle at different times-on-feed

Seventy-five steers (9 to 12 months of age) of Angus (n = 25), Brahman (n = 25) and Brahman × Angus (n = 25) breed-types of known history were fed a high-energy diet and five steers from each breed-type were slaughtered after 0, 56, 112, 168 and 224 days on test. At seven days post mortem, the left side of each carcass was fabricated and eight major primals or subprimals were obtained. Steaks were removed from the shoulder clod, strip loin, tenderloin, top sirloin, knuckle, top round, bottom round and eye of round for Warner-Bratzler shear (WBS) determinations and from the strip loin and bottom round for sensory panel evaluations. Steaks from Angus and Brahman × Angus steers were generally more tender than steaks from Brahman steers. Tenderness of steaks from steers of the three breed-types responded to time-on-feed differently: (a) steaks from Brahman steers improved (P < 0·05) in tenderness with increasing time-on-feed for all muscles except the M. psoas major (tenderloin); (b) with the exception of the M. longissimus muscle (strip loin), the tenderness of steaks from Angus steers did not change (P > 0·05) as time-on-feed increased and (c) for the Brahman × Angus steers, five of the ten muscles studied improved (P < 0·05) in tenderness with increasing time-on-feed. 'Acceptable' tenderness (WBS values of less than 4·5 kg) for most of the muscles was achieved at feeding periods from 112 to 224 days for Brahman, from 0 to 56 days for Angus and from 56 to 168 days for Brahman × Angus.     

皖江澜溪老街地域景观特征与传承研究

皖江历史街区作为长江沿线地域景观风貌的有机组成部分,不仅展现了沿江城镇居民的日常交互过程,更是一个记载流域内自然风貌与传统文化演变的重要空间载体.本文以铜陵大通古镇澜溪老街为例,通过实地调研与类型化归类,从宏观、中观、微观三个层面出发,系统阐释街区物质要素与非物质要素构成的框架体系,分析其地域景观特征的生成环境、类别以及表现形式,从而为澜溪老街景观风貌传承与延续的策略方法及路径提供支撑,以期推动同地域类型老街的历史记忆活化进程,打造街区地方文化的动态传承模式.     

台风灾害下配电系统受损评估研究

台风灾害会造成配电系统多个元件同时故障而导致大面积用户停电。为研究台风灾害对于配电系统的破坏影响,提出台风灾害下配电系统受损情况评估方法。为描述台风特征对元件故障概率的影响,基于台风影响历史数据,使用随机森林算法建立元件脆弱性曲线。在元件模型建立后,使用时序蒙特卡洛模拟法评估配电系统的实时和累计电量及用户损失。为提升评估效率,引入故障模式后果分析法,使用最小路法生成故障影响报表,更快地确定失电负荷节点。最后通过RBTS-BUS6测试系统和广州地区的实际系统进行算例分析,验证了所提算法的有效性。结果表明：台风对配电网的影响具有延时性,配电系统受损情况与元件维修时间和维修资源数量相关。     

通用电子手册数据库录入软件的关键技术

文章主要讨论了关于通用电子手册数据库录入软件的组成和功能,较为详细地讨论了实际开发中几个关键技术的解决方案.实际设计完成了通用电子手册数据库录入软件模块,并应用于实际工作中,运行良好.     

邻氨基苯磺酸生产装置技术改造

通过改进生产工艺与设备,提高了装置生产能力和产品质量指标,达到了降本增效的目的。     

WM610微米粉碎机的性能及在炭黑生产中的应用

本文介绍国产WM610微米粉碎机的粉碎原理、结构特点、机械性能及其在炭黑生产中的应用情况。经过该机处理的炭黑,其325目筛余物可达到国家标准。