Cross-Border Migration of Hong Kong Residents Under the 'One Country, Two Systems' Policy

Hong Kong is known as a migrant city because its population was sourced from mainland China, and because there has always been outflows of people to overseas countries, especially from the mid-1980s to mid-1990s. Emigration to mainland China has become a significant recent trend. This article discusses this phenomenon in the theoretical contexts of migration and trans-border residential development. It contends that the trend will intensify more quickly than other cross-border movements because the two systems are separated by a political border within one country, and because there are common cultural ties and rapid economic integration.     

Evaluation of recursive queries with extended rules in deductivedatabases

In order to extend the expressive power of deductive databases, a formula that can have existential quantifiers in prenex normal form in a restricted way is defined as an extended rule. With the extended rule, we can easily define a virtual view that requires a division operation of relational algebra to evaluate. The paper addresses a recursive query evaluation where at least one formula in a recursive rule set is of an extended rule. We investigate transformable recursions as well as four cases of non-transformable recursions of transitive-closure-like and linear type. The work reveals that occurrence of an existentially quantified variable in the extended recursive body predicate might dramatically limit the level of recursive search. In particular, the number of iterations to answer extended queries can be determined, independently of database contents     

The decision-making properties of discrete multiple exponentialbidirectional associative memories

A method for modeling the learning of belief combination in evidential reasoning using a neural network is presented. A centralized network composed of multiple exponential bidirectional associative memories (eBAM's) sharing a single output array of neurons is proposed to process the uncertainty management of many pieces of evidence simultaneously. The stability of the proposed multiple eBAM network is proved. The sufficient condition to recall a stored pattern pair is discussed. Most important of all, a majority rule of decision making in presentation of multiple evidence is also found by the study of signal-noise-ratio of multiple eBAM network. A guaranteed stable state condition, i.e., the condition for the fastest recall of a pattern pair, is also studied. The result is coherent with the intuition of reasoning.     

Information-theoretic distortion measures for speech recognition

A wide variety of speech recognition distortion measures have been proposed and tested, including some especially effective ones. It is shown that there is a general framework, based on the concepts of information theory, linking most of these measures. The distortion measure between any two speech spectra can be defined in terms of the distortions between the associated probability distributions. This general framework defines three broad families of distortion measures for speech recognition and provides a consistent way of combining the energy and the spectral information of a phonetic event. In addition, the cepstral-domain representation for several distortion measures is derived, allowing comparison of these measures in a domain that also yields convenient equations for their practical implementation     

Optimization of the power ascension path for a boiling water reactor using genetic algorithms

To ensure the core status can meet the requirements of thermal limits, stability and other constraints during the power ascension process of a nuclear power plant, operators usually gradually increase power based on onsite measurements and experience. To reduce the operator’s burden, this research develops a method to find an optimal power ascension path that can be followed by operators. The power ascension path is formulated as a multiobjective optimization problem with the following constraints: power ascension time, thermal limits, core stability and maximum rod line. A genetic algorithm is adopted to obtain the optimal power ascension path. The results show that using our approach full power can be achieved quickly, while maintaining reasonable margins of thermal limit and stability, in addition to satisfying maximum rod line criteria.     

Analysis of color symbology from the perspective of cultural semiotics focused on Korean costume colors according to the cultural changes

The purpose of this study was to analyze the symbolization of colors as cultural codes, based on costume colors. In order to study the significance of colors in cultural changes, we carried out a quantitative analysis and interpreted it from the perspective of cultural semiotics. The range of this study was focused on Korean costume colors, over diverse diachronic stages of Korean culture. For this study 1535 color samples were collected, measured with a spectrophotometer, and analyzed quantitatively according their diachronic stages of origin. As a result, red, blue, and yellow were found to be the most frequently used colors during the Chosun Dynasty, a period based on Confucianism. These colors acted as cultural codes with cultural significance. During the Modern times pink, light blue, and black increased in frequency and represented the reception of western culture, the changing sex role of women in society, and utilitarianism. In these days, neutral colors and grayish tones of all colors are the most significant colors of high frequency. The use of such colors is closely related to industrialization, mechanization, functionalism, and the changes of women's sex roles in the societies. They are used as cultural codes, especially to emphasize a rational and masculine image rather than a feminine image. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 32, 71–79, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.20290