首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   4856篇
  免费   160篇
  国内免费   21篇
电工技术   310篇
综合类   15篇
化学工业   1466篇
金属工艺   150篇
机械仪表   142篇
建筑科学   123篇
矿业工程   5篇
能源动力   223篇
轻工业   412篇
水利工程   18篇
石油天然气   6篇
无线电   404篇
一般工业技术   956篇
冶金工业   234篇
原子能技术   154篇
自动化技术   419篇
  2023年   32篇
  2022年   55篇
  2021年   128篇
  2020年   62篇
  2019年   76篇
  2018年   88篇
  2017年   69篇
  2016年   117篇
  2015年   84篇
  2014年   129篇
  2013年   267篇
  2012年   264篇
  2011年   296篇
  2010年   253篇
  2009年   279篇
  2008年   295篇
  2007年   232篇
  2006年   228篇
  2005年   157篇
  2004年   162篇
  2003年   179篇
  2002年   154篇
  2001年   86篇
  2000年   89篇
  1999年   68篇
  1998年   130篇
  1997年   101篇
  1996年   86篇
  1995年   69篇
  1994年   67篇
  1993年   71篇
  1992年   60篇
  1991年   56篇
  1990年   36篇
  1989年   61篇
  1988年   23篇
  1987年   45篇
  1986年   30篇
  1985年   44篇
  1984年   33篇
  1983年   39篇
  1982年   40篇
  1981年   38篇
  1980年   21篇
  1979年   27篇
  1978年   28篇
  1977年   19篇
  1976年   22篇
  1975年   9篇
  1973年   8篇
排序方式: 共有5037条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
101.
While most proposed methods for solving classification problems focus on minimization of the classification error rate, we are interested in the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, which provides more information about classification performance than the error rate does. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) is a natural measure for overall assessment of a classifier based on the ROC curve. We discuss a class of concave functions for AUC maximization in which a boosting-type algorithm including RankBoost is considered, and the Bayesian risk consistency and the lower bound of the optimum function are discussed. A procedure derived by maximizing a specific optimum function has high robustness, based on gross error sensitivity. Additionally, we focus on the partial AUC, which is the partial area under the ROC curve. For example, in medical screening, a high true-positive rate to the fixed lower false-positive rate is preferable and thus the partial AUC corresponding to lower false-positive rates is much more important than the remaining AUC. We extend the class of concave optimum functions for partial AUC optimality with the boosting algorithm. We investigated the validity of the proposed method through several experiments with data sets in the UCI repository.  相似文献   
102.
Summary Detection and determination of traces of sulphites in foods was attempted by use of the modified Rankine apparatus and pararosaniline colorimetry. Replacement of alkaline titration reported previously by pararosaniline colorimetry lowered the absolute detection limit from 30 g (titration method) to 2 g. In view of clean analysis, in the color developing system, 0.1 N-sodium hydroxide was used in place of mercuric chloride solution commonly used as an absorbant of sulphites. In order to prevent oxidative decomposition of sulphites during operation, nitrogen gas was used as carrier instead of air. Dimedone and sodium azide were used for the elimination of aldehydes and nitrites, respecitvely, in the sample, which will disturb the color development of sulphites with pararosaniline-formaldehyde reagents. With this improved method, it was possible to determine the residual sulphites in frozen peeled shrimps, sugared beans and other foods with low sulphite contents accurately.
Colorimetrische Mikrobestimmung von Sulfiten in Lebensmitteln bei Anwendung der modifizierten IV. Rankine Apparatur
Zusammenfassung Geringe Sulfitmengen in Lebensmitteln (geschälte Garnelen, gezuckerte Bohnen) können colorimetrisch bestimmt werden. Die neuentwickelte Methode beruht auf einer Kombination von colorimetrischer Bestimmung mittels p-Rosanilin und der Bestimmungsmethode nach Rankine. Auf diese Weise lassen sich Gehalte von 2 g noch genau bestimmen. Bei der Farbentwicklung wurde das giftige Quecksilbertetrachlorid durch 0.1 n-NaOH ersetzt, anstelle von Luft Stickstoff als Trägergas verwendet und somit eine Oxydation des Sulfits während der Bestimmung vermieden. Da Nitrit und Aldehyde die Farbentwicklung stören, wurde ihr Einfluß durch Dimedon und Natriumazid ausgeschaltet.


Studies on the Analyses of Sulphites in Foods (IV)  相似文献   
103.
Helium gas permeability of silicate clay (montmorillonite) particles/epoxy nanocomposites was examined. The incorporation of increasing amounts of montmorillonite particles reduced the helium gas permeability. Based on Fick’s law, gas permeation behavior of the nanocomposite was evaluated. With the increase of montmorillonite loading, gas diffusivity decreased, while gas solubility increased. Helium diffusion behavior is in agreement to the numerical results based on the Hatta–Taya–Eshelby theory. It has been revealed that dispersion of nanoscale platelets in polymer is effective in improving gas barrier property.  相似文献   
104.
In the domain of supply chain management (SCM), various software packages have been developed for planning business strategies. To solve the problem of system productivity in applying planning packages, we propose a solution concept, business process integration (BPI), which fuses workflow and enterprise application integration (EAI) technology. Two characteristic policies are included in BPI. The first is to design the minimum set of business processes for real-time information sharing with planning packages without changing other processes. The second is to integrate several systems with EAI technology and to manage their execution with a workflow tool. Based on these policies, we propose various design templates and integration adapters. Our evaluation shows that using BPI, a target system can be developed with less manpower, in less time, and with higher quality than previous methods.  相似文献   
105.
Gene insertion and deletion are basic phenomena found in DNA processing or RNA editing in molecular biology. The genetic mechanism and development based on these evolutionary transformations have been formulated as a formal system with two operations of insertion and deletion, called insertion-deletion systems (Kari and Thierrin, 1996; Kari et al., 1997).We investigate the generative power of insertion-deletion systems (InsDel systems), and show that the family INS 1 1 DEL 1 1 is equal to the family of recursively enumerable languages. This gives a positive answer to an open problem posed in Kari et al. (1997) where it was conjectured contrary. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   
106.
Complete Mining of Frequent Patterns from Graphs: Mining Graph Data   总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16  
Basket Analysis, which is a standard method for data mining, derives frequent itemsets from database. However, its mining ability is limited to transaction data consisting of items. In reality, there are many applications where data are described in a more structural way, e.g. chemical compounds and Web browsing history. There are a few approaches that can discover characteristic patterns from graph-structured data in the field of machine learning. However, almost all of them are not suitable for such applications that require a complete search for all frequent subgraph patterns in the data. In this paper, we propose a novel principle and its algorithm that derive the characteristic patterns which frequently appear in graph-structured data. Our algorithm can derive all frequent induced subgraphs from both directed and undirected graph structured data having loops (including self-loops) with labeled or unlabeled nodes and links. Its performance is evaluated through the applications to Web browsing pattern analysis and chemical carcinogenesis analysis.  相似文献   
107.
We address the problem of recovering the 3D shape of an unfolded book surface from the shading information in a scanner image. This shape-from-shading problem in a real world environment is made difficult by a proximal, moving light source, interreflections, specular reflections, and a nonuniform albedo distribution. Taking all these factors into account, we formulate the problem as an iterative, non-linear optimization problem. Piecewise polynomial models of the 3D shape and albedo distribution are introduced to efficiently and stably compute the shape in practice. Finally, we propose a method to restore the distorted scanner image based on the reconstructed 3D shape. The image restoration experiments for real book surfaces demonstrate that much of the geometric and photometric distortions are removed by our method.  相似文献   
108.
The Earth Simulator (ES) is a large scale, distributed memory, parallel computer system consisting of 640 processor nodes (PN) with shared memory vector multi-processors (64GFLOPS/PN, 5120 APs in total, AP: arithmetic processor). All the nodes are connected via a high speed (16GB/s) single-stage crossbar network called the Interconnection Network (IN).

The operating system for the Earth Simulator is based on SUPER-UX, the UNIX operating system for the SX series scientific supercomputers. In order to realize high-performance parallel processing on the highly parallel machine, the operating system is enhanced for scalability.

The Earth Simulator system is managed as a two-level cluster system called the Super Cluster System. In the Super Cluster System, the Earth Simulator system is divided into 40 clusters (16 PNs/cluster). A single controller called Super Cluster Control Station (SCCS) manages all these clusters. This management system provides Single System Image (SSI) operation, management and job control for the large scale multi-node system.

The Job Scheduler (JS) and NQS running on the SCCS control all jobs of the system. They schedule the resources such as processing nodes and files which have not usually been treated as scheduling resources. This allows efficient scheduling of large scale jobs.

The MPI library (MPI/ES) and the HPF compiler (HPF/ES) are available for distributed parallel programming on the Earth Simulator. MPI/ES conforms to the MPI 2.0 standard and is optimized to exploit the hardware features. HPF/ES conforms to the core part of HPF 2.0 and supports some features of the HPF 2.0 approved extensions and HPF/JA 1.0 extensions. HPF/ES suitably handles the 3-level parallelism of the Earth Simulator system, that is, vectorization, shared-memory parallelization, and distributed-memory parallelization. Moreover, HPF/ES extends the language to easily handle irregular problems.  相似文献   

109.
In 1985 we developed an ultrahigh-resolution scanning electron microscope with a resolution of 0.5 nm. It is equipped with a field emission gun and an objective lens with a very short focal length. In this study we report a survey of some different preparation techniques and biological specimens using the new scanning electron microscope. Intracellular structures such as cell organelles were observed surprisingly sharper than those observed by ordinary scanning electron microscopes. However, at magnifications over 250,000 X, platinum particles could be discerned as scattered pebbles on the surface of all structures in coated materials. Using an uncoated but conductively stained specimen, we successfully observed ribosomes on a rough endoplasmic reticulum at a direct magnification of 1 million. In these images some protrusions were recognized on the ribosomes. Ferritin and immunoglobulin G were used as samples of biological macromolecules. These samples were observed without metal coating and conductive staining. The ferritin particles appeared as rounded bodies without any substructure on the surface and immunoglobulin G as complexes of three-unit bodies. In the latter the central body might correspond to the Fc fragment and two side ones to Fab fragments. We assume that ultrahigh-resolution scanning electron microscopy is an effective means for observation of the cell fine structures and biological macromolecules. It will open a new research field in biomedicine.  相似文献   
110.
Characteristic HSLA steels for automotive use are introduced in which both of precipitation and microstructure is controlled to obtain suitable mechanical properties.For outer panels such as fender,the combination of low yield strength,high tensile strength and deep-drawability were realized by controlling the distribution of NbC and precipitation free zone.The other steel,developed for chassis parts such as lower arm,utilizes extremely fine interphase precipitation to obtain high yield strength and excellent hole expansionability.Both steels have contributed to the reduction of weight in car body.  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号