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891.
Yoneoka S Lee J Liger M Yama G Kodama T Gunji M Provine J Howe RT Goodson KE Kenny TW 《Nano letters》2012,12(2):683-686
While the literature is rich with data for the electrical behavior of nanotransistors based on semiconductor nanowires and carbon nanotubes, few data are available for ultrascaled metal interconnects that will be demanded by these devices. Atomic layer deposition (ALD), which uses a sequence of self-limiting surface reactions to achieve high-quality nanolayers, provides an unique opportunity to study the limits of electrical and thermal conduction in metal interconnects. This work measures and interprets the electrical and thermal conductivities of free-standing platinum films of thickness 7.3, 9.8, and 12.1 nm in the temperature range from 50 to 320 K. Conductivity data for the 7.3 nm bridge are reduced by 77.8% (electrical) and 66.3% (thermal) compared to bulk values due to electron scattering at material and grain boundaries. The measurement results indicate that the contribution of phonon conduction is significant in the total thermal conductivity of the ALD films. 相似文献
892.
A lithium-encapsulated fullerenol Li@C60(OH)18, as an example of a polar solvent-soluble endohedral fullerene derivative, has been synthesized and fully characterized by infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, UV spectroscopy, electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), and the particle size was determined using the induced grating (IG) method, and scanning probe microscopy. The encapsulated Li+ was clearly detected by 7Li NMR at very high field in the range −15 to −19 ppm, an intermediate lithium-encapsulated fullerenol was detected by MALDI-TOF-MS, and the molar ratio of lithium-encapsulated fullerenol to empty fullerenol was quantitatively determined to be 12:88 by ICP-AES. The solid-state ESR and particle size measurements using the IG method showed the characteristic anionic behavior with no external counter cations, in what can be called a “cation-encapsulated anion nanoparticle”, revealing the drastic differences between its properties and those of empty C60(OH)16. 相似文献
893.
Kiyoshi Mizuuchi Kanryu Inoue Yasuyuki Agari Toru Nagaoka Masami Sugioka Motohiro Tanaka Takashi Takeuchi Jun-ichi Tani Masakazu Kawahara Yukio Makino Mikio Ito 《Composites Part B》2012,43(4):2012-2019
Silicon carbide (SiC)-particle-dispersed-aluminum (Al) matrix composites were fabricated in a unique fabrication method, where the powder mixture of SiC, pure Al and Al–5mass% Si alloy was uniquely designed to form continuous solid–liquid co-existent state during spark plasma sintering (SPS) process. Composites fabricated in such a way can be well consolidated by heating during SPS processing in a temperature range between 798 K and 876 K for a heating duration of 1.56 ks. Microstructures of the composites thus fabricated were examined by scanning electron microscopy and no reaction was detected at the interface between the SiC particle and the Al matrix. The relative packing density of the Al–matrix composite containing SiC was higher than 99% in a volume fraction range of SiC between 40% and 55%. Thermal conductivity of the composite increased with increasing the SiC content in the composite at a SiC fraction range between 40 vol.% and 50 vol.%. The highest thermal conductivity was obtained for Al–50 vol.% SiC composite and reached 252 W/mK. The coefficient of thermal expansion of the composites falls in the upper line of Kerner’s model, indicating strong bonding between the SiC particle and the Al matrix in the composite. 相似文献
894.
Naoyasu KatsumataYasuhito Nakada Takashi Minemoto Hideyuki Takakura 《Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells》2011,95(1):199-202
Three environmental factors of irradiance, solar spectral distribution and module temperature greatly affect the performances of photovoltaic (PV) modules. If the environmental factors can be estimated by basic meteorological data (BMD) announced by an official organization in various areas, the performances of PV modules can be estimated easily. In this study, a relationship between the environmental factors and the BMD was analyzed. The performances of Si-based (crystalline Si and thin-film Si) PV modules were estimated by the relationship. As a result, errors between the estimation and actual performances in the crystalline Si and thin-film PV modules were within 1.88% and 0.58% in Kusatsu city, Japan (34°58′N, 135°57′E). This methodology can be useful for rating the performance of PV modules at various areas. 相似文献
895.
Amphiphilic poly(amido amine) (PAMAM) dendrons were immobilized on the surface of silica particles, following the solid phase strategy. PAMAM dendrons were constructed by the repetitive feeding of methyl acrylate and ethylenediamine as the monomers. The peripheral functionalization of amine to long alkyl ends generated the amphiphilic PAMAM dendron on the silica surface. These amphiphilic dendron-modified silica particles were applicable as new packing materials for ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography. 相似文献
896.
Toyofuku T Nishimura S Miyashita K Shirakashi J 《Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology》2010,10(7):4543-4547
10 micrometer-scale scanning probe microscopy (SPM) local oxidation lithography was performed on Si. In order to realize large-scale oxidation, an SPM tip with a contact length of 15 microm was prepared by focused-ion-beam (FIB) etching. The oxidation was carried out in contact mode operation with the contact force ranging from 0.1 to 2.1 microN. The applied bias voltage was 50 V, and scanning speed was varied from 10 to 200 microm/s. The scan length was 15 microm for one cycle. The influence of contact force on the large-scale oxidation was investigated. At high contact force, the Si oxide with good size uniformity was obtained even with high scanning speed. The SPM tip with larger contact length may increase the spatial dimensions of the water meniscus between the SPM tip and sample surface, resulting in the larger dimensions of the fabricated oxide. Furthermore, the throughput of large-scale oxidation reached about 10(3) microm2/s by controlling the scanning speed and contact force of the SPM tip. It is suggested that SPM local oxidation can be upscaled by using a SPM tip with large contact length. 相似文献
897.
Ando T Matsumoto N Ohtake Y Takiguchi Y Inoue T 《Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision》2010,27(12):2602-2612
We investigate optical singularities in coaxial superpositions of two Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) modes with a common beam waist from the viewpoints of a general formulation of phase structure, experimental generation of various superposition beams, and evaluation of the generated beams' fidelity. By applying a holographic phase-amplitude modulation scheme using a phase-modulation-type spatial light modulator, output fidelity beyond 0.960 was observed under several typical conditions. Additionally, an elliptic-type folded singularity, which provides a different class of phase structures from familiar helical singularities, was predicted and observed in a superposition involving two LG modes of both radially and azimuthally higher orders. 相似文献
898.
Yagai S Seki T Murayama H Wakikawa Y Ikoma T Kikkawa Y Karatsu T Kitamura A Honsho Y Seki S 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2010,6(23):2731-2740
Extremely long nanofibers, whose lengths reach the millimeter regime, are generated via co-aggregation of a melamine-appended perylene bisimide semiconductor and a substituted cyanurate, both of which are ditopic triple-hydrogen-bonding building blocks; they co-aggregate in an unexpected stoichiometrically mismatched 1:2 ratio. Various microscopic and X-ray diffraction studies suggest that hydrogen-bonded polymeric chains are formed along the long axis of the nanofibers by the 1:2 complexation of the two components, which further stack along the short axis of the nanofibers. The photocarrier generation mechanism in the nanofibers is investigated by time-of-flight (TOF) experiments under electric and magnetic fields, revealing the birth and efficient recombination of singlet geminate electron-hole pairs. Flash-photolysis time-resolved microwave conductivity (FP-TRMC) measurements revealed intrinsic 1D electron mobilities up to 0.6 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) within nanofibers. 相似文献
899.
Akihiko Ito Jun Endo Teiichi Kimura Takashi Goto 《Surface & coatings technology》2010,204(23):3846-246
Y-Si-O films were prepared by laser chemical vapor deposition (LCVD) with a Nd:YAG laser using TEOS (tetraethyl orthosilicate) and Y(dpm)3 precursors. The effects of laser power (PL), deposition temperature (Tdep) and total chamber pressure (Ptot) on the phase, microstructure and deposition rate of Y-Si-O films were investigated. At PL < 102 W (Tdep < 1140 K), amorphous Y-Si-O films were obtained independent of Ptot. At Ptot = 0.6 kPa, mixture phase films of Y2SiO5 (the X1 phase) and Y2Si2O7 (the α, β, δ and y phases) were obtained at PL = 102 W (Tdep = 1210 K), while single phase X1-Y2SiO5 films were prepared at PL > 139 W (Tdep > 1280 K). Y2Si2O7 mixture phase films were obtained at Ptot = 3.5 kPa and Y2Si2O7 and Y2SiO5 (the X2 phase) mixture phase films were obtained at Ptot = 7.5 kPa independent of Tdep. Amorphous Y-Si-O films showed a dense, glassy microstructure. Faceted columnar grains grew on the Y-Si-O films at Ptot = 0.6 kPa, whereas rounded cauliflower-like grains grew at Ptot = 7.5 kPa. The Rdep increased with increasing PL and Tdep and reached a maximum of 430 μm h−1 at Ptot = 0.6 kPa, PL = 186 W and Tdep = 1310 K. 相似文献
900.
In this study, we utilized Mg-Al layered double hydroxide (Mg-Al LDH) modified by intercalation with three aromatic sulfonates—2,7-naphthalene disulfonate (2,7-NDS2−), benzenesulfonate (BS−), and benzenedisulfonate (BDS2−)—for the uptake of two aromatics—1,3-dinitrobenzene (DNB) and anisole (AS)—from aqueous solution and determined the effect of the aromatic sulfonates on the uptake of these aromatics. We found that the electron-rich aromatic ring of the intercalated aromatic sulfonates such as 2,7-NDS2− undergoes strong π-π stacking interactions with the electron-poorer benzene ring of DNB in aqueous solution, and these interactions result in a higher uptake of DNB by the modified Mg-Al LDHs. In contrast, the electron-poor aromatic ring of the aromatic sulfonates such as BDS2− undergoes weak π-π stacking interactions with the electron-poorer benzene ring of DNB, and these interactions result in a lower uptake of DNB by the modified Mg-Al LDHs. 相似文献