The present study examined the impact of a brief version of an acceptance-based treatment (acceptance and commitment therapy; ACT) that teaches patients to accept unavoidable private events; to identify and focus on actions directed toward valued goals; and to defuse from odd cognition, just noticing thoughts rather than treating them as either true or false. Eighty inpatient participants with positive psychotic symptoms were randomly assigned to treatment as usual (TAU) or to 4 sessions of ACT plus TAU. ACT participants showed significantly higher symptom reporting and lower symptom believability and a rate of rehospitalization half that of TAU participants over a 4-month follow-up period. The same basic pattern of results was seen with all participant subgroups except delusional participants who denied symptoms. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
The spherical near-field geometrical theory of diffraction (SNFGTD) method is an extended aperture method by which the near field from an antenna is computed on a spherical surface enclosing the antenna using the geometrical theory of diffraction. The far field is subsequently found by means of a spherical near-field to far-field transformation based on a spherical wave expansion of the near field. Due to the properties of the SNF-transformation, the total far field may be obtained as a sum of transformed contributions which facilitates analysis of collimated beams. It is demonstrated that the method possesses some advantages Over traditional methods of pattern prediction, but also that the accuracy of the method is determined by the quasioptical methods used to calculate the near field. 相似文献
We have developed a palladium(0)‐catalyzed tandem process which involves the cross‐coupling reaction of N‐tosylhydrazones with dibromide compounds followed by a sequence of intramolecular 5‐exo‐trig, 3‐exo‐trig cyclization, ring opening, and β‐hydride elimination to produce 6‐endo‐trig cyclized products. The strategy was successfully applied for the regioselective synthesis of substituted benzo[b]naphtho[2,1‐d]thiophenes, naphtho[1,2‐b]benzofurans, and benzo[a]carbazoles in moderate to excellent yields.
In order to compare the magnitudes and health impacts of arsenic and other toxic trace elements in well water, groundwater and hair samples were collected from three areas with different arsenic exposure scenarios in the Mekong River basin of Cambodia. Ampil commune in Kampong Cham province was selected as an uncontaminated area, Khsarch Andaet commune in Kratie province was selected as a moderately contaminated area, and Kampong Kong commune in Kandal Province was selected as an extremely contaminated area. Results of ICP-MS analyses of the groundwater samples revealed that As, Mn, Fe and Ba concentrations were significantly different among the three study areas (Kruskal-Wallis test, p < 0.0001). Out of 46 observed wells in the Kandal province study area, 100% detected As > 50 μg L−1 and Fe > 300 μg L−1; 52.17% had Mn > 400 μg L−1 and 73.91% found Ba > 700 μg L−1. In the Kratie province study area (n = 12), 25% of wells showed elevated arsenic levels above 10 μg L−1 and 25% had Mn > 400 μg L−1, whereas samples from Kampong Cham province study area (n = 18) were relatively clean, with As < 10 μg L−1. A health risk assessment model derived from the USEPA was applied to calculate individual risks resulting from drinking groundwater. Computational results indicated that residents from Kandal Province study area (n = 297) confronted significantly higher non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks than those in Kratie (n = 89) and Kampong Cham (n = 184) province study areas (Kruskal-Wallis test, p < 0.0001). 98.65% of respondents from the Kandal province study area were at risk for the potential non-cancer effect and an average cancer risk index was found to be 5 in 1000 exposure. The calculations also indicated that, in the Kratie province study area, 13.48% of respondents were affected by non-cancer health risks and 33.71% were threatened by cancer, whereas none of respondents in the Kampong Cham province study area appeared to have non-carcinogenic effect. Positively significant correlations of the arsenic content in scalp hair (Ash) with both arsenic levels in groundwater (Asw) (rs (304) = 0.757, p < 0.0001) and individual average daily doses (ADD) of arsenic (rs (304) = 0.763, p < 0.0001) undoubtedly indicated that arsenic accumulation in the bodies of Cambodia residents in the Mekong River basin was mainly through a groundwater drinking pathway. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive report comparing individual health risk assessments of arsenic exposure through a groundwater drinking pathway to enriched arsenic levels from groundwater in the Mekong River basin, Cambodia. This study indicates that elevated arsenic concentrations in groundwater may lead to thousands of cases of arsenicosis in the near future if mitigating actions are not taken. 相似文献
Extended surfactants containing an intermediate-polarity spacer, such as polypropylene oxide, in between the hydrophilic head and the hydrocarbon tail are known to result in superior solubilization and low interfacial tension, though they exhibit slow kinetics. The present work seeks to evaluate both equilibrium and kinetic aspects of extended-surfactant-based micro- and macroemulsions. The interfacial morphology of the extended surfactant membrane, i.e., characteristic length (ξ) and interfacial rigidity (Er) at optimum middle-phase microemulsion conditions, was characterized using the net-average curvature model. The results showed that extended surfactants resulted in a relatively rigid interfacial membrane compared with conventional surfactants having similar hydrocarbon chain length. In addition, both ξ and Er parameters increased with the length of the polypropylene oxide spacer. Increasing Er values correlated to the slow coalescence rates of extended surfactant emulsified systems. Two alternative approaches (the addition of combined linkers and co-surfactant) are shown to overcome the slow kinetics of coalescence while maintaining desirable high solubilization and low interfacial tension. 相似文献
A digital channel multiplexer for satellite outdoor unit running at 1 GHz clock frequency is implemented in 65 nm CMOS mixed oxide dual voltage technology. This multiplexer, based on a 1 GS/s digital signal processor (DSP) approach with 500 MHz input and output bandwidth, embeds two 8 bit 1 GS/s analog-digital converters (ADCs) and two 8 bit 1 GS/s digital-analog converter (DACs). It consumes less that 1022 mW at ambient temperature while achieving noise rejection up to 42.5 dB on a single tone, and > 37 dB on modulated satellite channels. 相似文献
This work shows that radio-frequency (RF) fields can simultaneously align carbon nanotubes (CNTs) dispersed in a resin and induce Joule heating to cure the resin. The timescales of alignment and curing using RF heating are numerically computed and compared at different field strengths in order to determine a temperature where alignment happens before the matrix crosslinks. Composites are experimentally fabricated at the desired target temperature and are optically analyzed and quantified; the CNT network is successfully aligned in the direction of the applied electric field. This methodology can be used to create composites where the local alignment can be varied across the sample. Composites fabricated using RF fields have higher electrical conductivity in the direction of the aligned CNTs than an oven-cured, randomly aligned sample. Also, RF-cured nanocomposites exhibit higher tensile strength and modulus in the direction of alignment compared to an oven-cured sample. Finally, it is further demonstrated how this methodology can be coupled with a direct ink writing additive manufacturing process to induce alignment in any desired direction, even orthogonal to the shear forces in the extrusion direction. 相似文献
A strategic analysis of the electricity market in Western Australia yields a market potential for renewable energy in Western Australia. However, from a purely financial viewpoint the installation of grid-connected pv-systems still is not economically viable. In this paper a balanced scorecard (BSC) is developed to capture and visualize other than financial benefits. Therefore, the BSC can be used as a marketing tool to communicate the benefits of a privately owned GCPV system to potential customers. 相似文献