Automatic monitoring and control of cutter suction dredger

Dredger is the most important equipment in port construction and waterway reclamation projects. This paper presents a complete scheme for monitoring and control of cutter suction dredgers. The proposed scheme has introduced a hierarchical structure; in the topmost level a knowledge based system is designed to realize overall optimization, coordinated control and fault handling; in the process control level a couple of controllers are designed. This paper gives detailed introduction to the design of the knowledge processing mechanism, and also the control algorithms for the slurry concentration and slurry velocity, these are the most important aspects in dredging operations. Implementation examples on newly constructed dredgers are finally presented. Software is developed to control the hydraulic driven movements, engine system and also the slurry transportation system. Overall optimization and fault processing tasks are also carried out by software developed. Experiment results carried out on site are presented and compared in the last; it is verified through actual operations that the proposed monitoring and control scheme can achieve acceptable performance; a much smoother dredging process is achieved.     

屋顶绿化——构建生态城市的新途径

屋顶绿化作为构建生态城市的新途径,近年来备受关注。开发屋顶花园具有十分广阔的前景。因地制宜地发展适合我国国情的屋顶绿化事业,对于我国生态型城市的建设、城市可持续发展具有重要的战略意义。     

北京市河湖水系水量保障及栖息地构建技术探讨

近年来,北京市一直贯彻落实安全、洁净、生态、优美、为民水务发展目标,治水思路从以往的考虑防洪、水资源调度等为主的水利工程逐步转向遵循水的自然循环规律和社会循环规律进行水生态修复.在充分考虑北京市河湖水系生态现状及生态系统完整性的基础上,根据生物生长节律、栖息地需求,提出河道季节性水文动态节律与生物生长节律相适应的生态补水技术体系及水域-水陆交错带-岸坡缓冲带为一体的河湖水系栖息地构建技术,促进其水生态状况健康持续向好.     

高效液相色谱法同时定量分析紫苏不同部位的植物代谢物

该研究旨在建立一种同时测定中国紫苏不同部位中代谢物含量的分析方法,明确紫苏不同部位中代谢物的种类与含量,为此类物质的高效利用提供一定科学依据。利用溶剂提取结合高效液相色谱技术,分别对紫苏叶、紫苏壳、紫苏杆中19种植物代谢物进行测定分析。结果表明,19种物质在55 min内完全分离,峰型和分离度良好,检出限在0.05~0.40 mg/L之间,标准曲线R2均在0.997 6以上,回收率和精密度分别在61.65%~111.42%和1.02%~17.20%之间。应用该方法对12种紫苏样品进行了检测,发现19种化合物在不同紫苏部位中的含量差异较大,在0.04~24.05 mg/g之间。12个样品中均检出2种酚酸和5种黄酮及黄酮苷。紫苏壳和杆中均检出木犀草素,含量为0.05~0.18 mg/g;紫苏叶中化合物含量顺序为迷迭香酸>野黄芩苷>芹菜素-7-O-葡萄糖苷。此外,在紫苏壳中首次检出HMF和糠醛两种呋喃环衍生物。该方法简单高效,仪器要求低,适用于紫苏及其他植物型样品中代谢物的定量检测。     

山西省孝义市近40年气候变化特征分析

为了深入研究山西省孝义市气候变化特征,采用Mann-Kendall检验、滑动T检验及Morlet小波变换等方法对孝义市1975-2015年气候要素进行趋势估计、突变检验、周期分析及发展趋势预测。结果表明:近40年来,孝义市年平均气温呈显著上升趋势,突变年份为1996年,存在32、9 a长周期;年降雨量呈不显著下降趋势,突变年份为1990年,存在32、6 a长周期;年蒸发量呈显著性上升趋势,突变年份为1997年,存在32、10 a长周期;年平均相对湿度呈显著下降趋势,突变年份为1982、2003年,存在15、32 a长周期。孝义市1975-2015年年代际气候经历了"冷湿-暖湿-暖干"的变化过程,预测全境2017-2030年年代际气候将经历"冷湿-暖干"的变化过程。     

基于多传感器数据融合的供水管网故障报警系统

针对传统的供水管网故障监控系统存在的误报次数多、抗干扰能力差、可信度低等缺点,研究利用多传感器监测供水过程的压力、电流、流速和液位等参数,采用基于D-S证据理论的多传感器数据融合技术,并对D-S证据理论进行了时间域和空间域融合方法的改进,以实现对供水管网故障的早期检测报警。结果表明:该方法可以有效避免监测数据的失误,解决了多传感器鲁棒性导致的证据冲突问题,提高了供水管网故障报警的可靠性。     

Multiple Random Forests Modelling for Urban Water Consumption Forecasting

The precise forecasting of water consumption is the basis in water resources planning and management. However, predicting water consumption fluctuations is complicated, given their non-stationary and non-linear characteristics. In this paper, a multiple random forests model, integrated wavelet transform and random forests regression (W-RFR), is proposed for the prediction of daily urban water consumption in southwest of China. Raw time series were first decomposed into low- and high-frequency parts with discrete wavelet transformation (DWT). The random forests regression (RFR) method was then used for prediction using each subseries. In the process, the input and output constructions of the RFR model were proposed for each subseries on the basis of the delay times and the embedding dimension of the attractor reconstruction computed by the C-C method, respectively. The forecasting values of each subseries were summarized as the final results. Four performance criteria, i.e., correlation coefficient (R), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) and threshold static (TS), were used to evaluate the forecasting capacity of the W-RFR. The results indicated that the W-RFR can capture the basic dynamics of the daily urban water consumption. The forecasted performance of the proposed approach was also compared with those of models, i.e., the RFR and forward feed neural network (FFNN) models. The results indicated that among the models, the precision of the predictions of the proposed model was greater, which is attributed to good feature extractions from the multi-scale perspective and favorable feature learning performance using the decision trees.     

北京城区河流沉水植物分布特征及环境因子关系研究

通过北京城区11条河流30个点位沉水植物及水环境因子调查,对沉水物物种分布、生态位特征及与水环境因子相互关系进行了研究,结果表明:北京城区河流均有沉水植物分布,春季优势种为菹草、穗花狐尾藻和篦齿眼子菜,夏季为金鱼藻、狐尾藻、篦齿眼子菜、黑藻、苦草及菹草.水深为影响城区河流沉水植物种类数量的重要因子,菹草为春季沉水植物管理关键物种.研究城区河流沉水植物分布特征及与水环境因子的关系,对北京市河流水生态环境的管理和持续改善具有重要的参考和指导意义.     

基于模糊物元法的黑龙江干流区生态健康评价

针对受堤防建设影响的黑龙江干流地区,基于压力-状态-响应(PSR)模型构建了流域生态健康评价体系;利用层次分析法和模糊物元理论建立了流域生态健康模糊物元评价模型,并应用到黑龙江干流行政区的生态健康评价中。结果表明,漠河县、黑河市区、同江市区和抚远县干扰前的生态健康评价值为0.679 3,0.728 3,0.731 4,0.755 8,干扰后为0.602 3,0.580 5,0.611 7,0.722 6;漠河县生态健康等级保持"亚健康",黑河市区和同江市区的生态健康等级降为"亚健康",抚远县生态健康等级保持"健康"。同时,4个评价单元对应的生态受损程度分别为11.34%,20.29%,16.37%和4.39%。此外,根据评价指标体系综合分析了4个县市存在的生态健康问题,提出了4县市生态环境保护应采取的措施。     

基于非标记蛋白质组学技术筛选影响察哈尔羊肌肉品质的重要分子标记

为研究察哈尔羊不同部位肌肉蛋白质组成差异及差异蛋白功能,通过数据信息依赖性获取与SWATH非标记蛋白组学定量技术,对察哈尔羊背最长肌和臀肌进行蛋白质鉴定和定量分析,并对其进行生物信息学分析。结果表明：察哈尔羊背最长肌和臀肌肌肉中共检测到蛋白质1 073 个,筛选出差异蛋白140 个,其中背最长肌中高表达差异蛋白116 个,低表达差异蛋白24 个;背最长肌中高表达差异蛋白GO（gene ontology）功能富集分析结果表明,在细胞组分中,富集于细胞外外泌体中的蛋白质最多,其次富集于细胞膜内,在分子功能中,蛋白质主要参与分子内转移酶活性、聚RNA结合和L-乳酸脱氢酶活性过程,在生物学进程中,蛋白质主要参与碳水化合物代谢过程、肌节组织和肌肉收缩过程;通过差异蛋白的网络互作分析发现,肌纤维组成模块包括肌球蛋白-11、肌球蛋白-1（myosin-1,MYH1）、肌间蛋白-1、肌球蛋白-2（myosin-2,MYH2）、肌球蛋白-8（myosin-8,MYH8）、肌球蛋白轻链激酶-2、肌球蛋白轻链-2、肌钙蛋白T-3、视松蛋白和肌球蛋白结合蛋白C等蛋白质,肌球蛋白MYH1、MYH2、MYH8有望成为影响肉品质的重要分子标记。