Design and application of a new series of gallbladder endoscopes that facilitate gallstone removal without gallbladder excision

In recent years, some Chinese doctors have proposed a new concept, gallstone removal without gallbladder excision, along with transition of the medical model. As there is no specialized endoscope for gallstone removal without gallbladder excision, we designed and produced a new series of gallbladder endoscopes and accessories that have already been given a Chinese invention patent (No. ZL200810199041.2). The design of these gallbladder endoscopes was based on the anatomy and physiology of the gallbladder, characteristics of gallbladder disease, ergonomics, and industrial design. This series of gallbladder endoscopes underwent clinical trials in two hospitals appointed by the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine. The clinical trials showed that surgeries of gallstones, gallbladder polyps, and cystic duct calculus could be smoothly performed with these products. In summary, this series of gallbladder endoscopes is safe, reliable, and effective for gallstone removal without gallbladder excision. This note comprehensively introduces the research and design of this series of gallbladder endoscopes.     

ILP turns 20

Inductive Logic Programming (ILP) is an area of Machine Learning which has now reached its twentieth year. Using the analogy of a human biography this paper recalls the development of the subject from its infancy through childhood and teenage years. We show how in each phase ILP has been characterised by an attempt to extend theory and implementations in tandem with the development of novel and challenging real-world applications. Lastly, by projection we suggest directions for research which will help the subject coming of age.     

滨海吹填土固结蠕变特性试验研究

围海造陆形成的吹填土地基与天然形成地基的工程特性存在诸多差异,为了保证吹填土地基的长期稳定性和安全性,有必要揭示吹填土与天然土工程特性的差异。利用单向固结仪,开展了不同加荷方式下滨海典型软土和围海造陆吹填土的蠕变特性试验对比研究,得到了不同试验条件下土体的应变、应力和时间的关系,对比分析两种软弱土蠕变性状的差异和影响因素,同时给出次固结系数的变化规律。试验结果表明,分级加载下两种滨海软土均具有明显的非线性蠕变特性,高应力水平下经排水加固的吹填土最终变形量明显低于软黏土,而次固结变形较大;吹填土的一维固结蠕变特性受加荷比和试样高度影响,加荷比越大、高度越高土样最终蠕变量越大;次固结系数与加荷比和荷载等级有关,表现为次固结系数随荷载增大先增大后减小,峰值随加荷比增大而减小。     

Orientation density and workspace analysis of a parallel stabilized platform testing system

An optimized workspace calculation method is proposed for parallel stabilized platform testing systems.This method refines the searched space progressively in order to approach the boundary of the workspace from both the inside and the outside of it.The orientation density is defined and used as an evaluation index to calculate the orientation workspace.The algorithm of the orientation density is embedded into the computer program of the workspace calculation.Then the workspaces of the testing system are solved.In the solution,the orientation density is regarded as a discrete function of the reachable workspace.As a result,the reachable workspace and the orientation workspace are represented in the same multidimensional graphs.Finally the useful workspace of the testing system is determined based on these results.This case study indicates that the calculation efficiency is enhanced by adopting the optimized method and the practicability of workspace study is improved by proposing the orientation density.     

求解TSP问题的快速蚁群算法

针对蚁群算法求解旅行商问题时存在收敛速度慢并容易陷入局部最优的问题,提出了一种改进的蚁群算法。改进算法采用信息素挥发因子自适应调整机制,调节算法收敛速度,保证算法的全局搜索能力。同时根据公共路径降低蚁群算法运算时间,诱导蚁群寻找更优解。实验结果表明,改进算法在迭代次数相对较少的情况下求得的平均解与已知最优解偏差为0.46%,最优解与已知最优解偏差为0.23%,在收敛速度及求解精度上均取到了较好的效果。     

考虑启动压力梯度的油井流入动态

低渗透油藏中存在启动压力梯度,水驱油藏中当井底流压低于饱和压力后,流入动态曲线将向压力轴偏转,并出现最大产量点。基于此现象,建立考虑启动压力梯度因素的油井流入动态曲线方程,用于不同流动压力下的油井流入动态计算。     

对切向力认识及对策之实践

结构设计是我们设计人员必然遇到的问题,本文作者在给一家日本企业研制专用设备的过程中遇到了一些问题,经研究,设备所需切断力(P)与摩擦力(F)的关系应满足F>P。但实际恰恰相反。所以,最终以改变结构设计的途径,解决了问题,取得了较好的效果。     

三湾水利枢纽工程混凝土裂缝研究

通过对三湾水利枢纽工程所出现的混凝土裂缝成因进行研究分析,认为主要是由于内外温差引起的温度应力、地基岩石卸荷松弛变形和固结灌浆抬动等多种因素所导致的裂缝;对裂缝的处理给出了具体实施方案,采用化学灌浆并凿槽配置限裂钢筋;对今后该工程混凝土施工的防裂措施进行了讨论总结,要从结构设计、原材料选用、施工过程温度控制、后期混凝土养护等多方面共同工作,以避免或减少裂缝的发生.     

车载导航系统的研究现状及未来发展

介绍了车载导航系统的发展历程、实现功能和实际应用中存在的突出问题。对基于实时交通信息的动态车载导航系统的结构组成、功能实现及两种系统的区别进行了重点介绍,最后对动态车载导航的未来研究做了展望,并提出了动态车载导航系统的建设思路。     

Dissolution properties of calcined gangue

To study the dissolution mechanism of gangue, dissolution characteristics of the gangue samples calcined at different temperatures in alkaline solutions and alkali metal silicate solutions with respect to Si and Al ions were analyzed by identical coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy （ICP）. The results show that the extent of dissolution of Al and Si varies with calcination temperature. It shows that the samples have a higher degree of dissolution in NaOH than in KOH medium. Si and Al appear to have synchro-dissolution behavior in alkaline solution, which means that Si and Al could dissolve from the mineral surface in certain linked forms. The result that a higher degree of dissolution exists in sodium silicate solution and a lower degree of dissolution exists in sodium-potassium silicate solution of Al is proved by the 29Si NMR spectra and the mean connectivity degree of these alkali metal silicate solutions.