Selective Isolation of Trypsin Inhibitor and Lectin from Soybean Whey by Chitosan/Tripolyphosphate/Genipin Co-Crosslinked Beads

Selective isolation of Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (KTI) and lectin from soybean whey solutions by different types of chitosan beads was investigated. The chitosan beads were co-crosslinked with tripolyphosphate/genipin in solutions at pH 5, 7 or 9 (CB5, CB7, CB9). The maximum adsorption ratios of chitosan beads to KTI and lectin were observed at pH 4.4 and 5.4, respectively; highly selective separation was also demonstrated at these pHs. The adsorption ratios increased with temperature, rising between 5 and 25 °C. CB9 produced the best adsorption ratio, followed by CB7 then CB5. The critical interaction governing absorption of chitosan beads to KTI and lectin could be hydrogen bonding. At pH 9, KTI and lectin desorbed efficiently from CB7 with desorption ratios of 80.9% and 81.4%, respectively. The desorption was most likely caused predominantly by electrostatic repulsion. KTI and lectin can effectively be selectively isolated from soybean whey using this novel separation technique.     

Late pulmonary impairment following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation

The pulmonary function of 88 consecutive leukemic patients who had undergone allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) was studied beforehand, at 3 months, at 6 months, and annually thereafter until 5 years after grafting. The parameters for function which are indicative for obstructive and restrictive lung disease deteriorated in all patient groups during the first 3 to 6 months after BMT but partially recovered within one year. Long-term decline in lung function was similar in all patient groups, and neither the onset nor the magnitude of pulmonary dysfunction was related to the occurrence of pulmonary impairment within 6 months after grafting. Multivariate analysis was then employed to assess predictors for long-term pulmonary disease. Despite the obvious effect of chronic graft versus host disease on the course of lung function, it was in itself not a significant predictor of long-term pulmonary outcome. Rather, the conditioning regimen turned out to be indicative; compared with busulfan, fractionated total body irradiation was demonstrated to be clearly superior with a lower incidence of both restrictive and obstructive long-term lung impairment. Our data indicate a previously unknown long-term side effect of busulfan conditioning.     

Initial stages of Pt deposition on Au(111) and Au(100)

The deposition of Pt onto unreconstructed Au(111) and Au(100) was studied with cyclic voltammetry and in-situ STM. The latter revealed that in [PtCl₄]²⁻ containing electrolytes, both surfaces are covered by an ordered adlayer of the complex. For the adsorbed [PtCl₄]²⁻ a slightly compressed (√7×√7) R19.1°-structure was assumed for Au(111) and a (3×√10) for Au(100). In both cases, a rather high overpotential for Pt deposition was observed, most probably due to the high stability of the [PtCl₄]²⁻ complex. Nucleation of Pt starts mainly at defects like step edges for low deposition rates and three-dimensional clusters are formed. Due to the high overpotential, some nuclei appear also on terraces at random sites. Higher coverages of Pt lead to a cauliflower like appearance. It is not possible to dissolve the platinum clusters at positive potentials without severely roughening the gold surface. The [PtCl₄]²⁻ complex is oxidized to the [PtCl₆]²⁻ complex at about 0.7 V, when metallic Pt is on the surface.     

Deactivation kinetics and modelling of coke removal under supercritical conditions for the example of ethylbenzene disproportionation

Deactivation kinetics and coke removal kinetics were derived from experimental studies on the disproportionation of ethylbenzene with a protonated Y-faujasite (Z-14) in a loop reactor under supercritical conditions. Derivation of the steady state kinetics of ethylbenzene disproportionation permitted determination of the catalyst activity. At small educt mole fractions of ethylbenzene, owing to the modest removal of coke the deactivation kinetics can be described by a power relationship. The rate of coke removal can be correlated with the activity and the deactivation rate of the catalyst.     

Centrifugal partition chromatography applied to the isolation of oak wood aroma precursors

Flavours extracted from oak wood during barrel ageing contribute to the organoleptic character of wines and spirits. The aim of this work was to identify the glycosidic precursors of the key volatile compounds responsible for oak wood aroma. Oak extract is a very complex matrix and, furthermore, precursors are present in very small quantities. Preparative centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) is a promising solution for purifying the oak extract. The solvent system was selected on the basis of the partition coefficient of glycosidase enzyme activity (K_ca). Thanks to the efficacy of CPC separation, three glucoside gallates were subsequently isolated by HPLC chromatography. Vanillin-(6′-O-galloyl)-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl-(6′-O-galloyl)-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, and (6R,9R)-3-oxo-α-ionol-9-O-(6′-O-galloyl)-β-glucopyranoside (macarangioside E) were isolated and identified. This was the first time that vanillin-(6′-O-galloyl)-O-β-d-glucopyranoside was identified and the first time that macarangioside E was isolated from oak wood. Heating macarangioside E resulted in the formation of megastigmatrienone, which has an aroma reminiscent of tobacco.     

基于主观评价的非织造布质量客观评价方法——QualiVlies

非织造布在世界范围内广泛生产.全球标准是非织造布生产的一个竞争因素.目前,非织造布在市场中的优势不仅是价格便宜,而且质量优良.因此,为了保持非织造布的市场,有必要提高非织造布质量.在线检测系统可检测破洞、薄区、厚区等疵点,但影响非织造布质量的不仅仅是疵点,还取决于其光学均匀性.尤其对于面密度较小(如15 g/m2)的非织造布,明显的不规则纤维分布会影响顾客的主观评价.阐述了一种代表主观评价的客观图像分析方法.