Statistical Modeling and Surface Texture Study of Polished Silicon Wafer Si (100) using Chemically Assisted Double Disk Magnetic Abrasive Finishing

Silicon - The present paper aims to analyze the surface finish of polished silicon wafer by chemically etching with potassium hydroxide (KOH) and mechanical polishing by Double Disk Magnetic...     

Machine Learning and Deep Learning powered satellite communications: Enabling technologies,applications, open challenges,and future research directions

The recent wave of creating an interconnected world through satellites has renewed interest in satellite communications. Private and government-funded space agencies are making advancements in the creation of satellite constellations, and the introduction of 5G has brought a new focus to a fully connected world. Satellites are the proposed solutions for establishing high throughput and low latency links to remote, hard-to-reach areas. This has caused the injection of many satellites in Earth's orbit, which has caused many discrepancies. There is a need to establish highly adaptive and flexible satellite systems to overcome this. Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) have gained much popularity when it comes to communication systems. This review extensively provides insight into ML and DL's utilization in satellite communications. This review covers how satellite communication subsystems and other satellite system applications can be implemented through Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the ongoing open challenges and future directions.     

Performance evaluation of the augmented data vortex switch fabric: An all-optical packet switched interconnection network

Modern high-performance computing systems require networks with high capacity, extremely high throughput and low latency in order to pass messages between thousands of processors and memory elements. Optical Interconnection Networks (OIN) offer a potentially viable solution to this requirement. An all-optical packet switched interconnection network called a Data Vortex (DV) switch has already been proposed by Yang et al. for the purpose of large scale photonic interconnections. For any interconnection network, fault tolerance and reliability are crucial issues, evaluation of which lacked attention for the case of the DV switch. In our earlier work we therefore presented the results for fault tolerance and reliability analysis of the primary DV switch. We also proposed a new Augmented Data Vortex (ADV) switch fabric, to improve the fault tolerance of the primary DV switch. The performance as regards fault tolerance of the ADV switch was computed and detailed results were obtained. In this paper, performance of ADV is investigated with reference to parameters such as latency and injection ratio (throughput) by means of numerical simulations. A uniform random traffic model has been used for the performance evaluation. The results obtained are compared with the results reported for the DV switch. The results show that the ADV switch with enhanced fault tolerance also improves the performance regarding latency. For same switch sizes (i.e. the same number of angles A, and height H) the injection ratios (throughput) for the DV and the ADV switches are comparable. Hence it can serve as a suitable candidate for high performance computing.     

Shielded edge-coupled coplanar waveguide structures: Modes and field configurations

In this article we present the dispersion characteristics as well as frequency-dependent field configuration and characteristic impedance for edge-coupled, shielded, coplanar waveguide structures. The structures studied include conductor-backed and suspended configurations. Phenomena such as mode conversion and dispersion of the dominant modes are explained. The characteristic impedance behavior is shown to be directly related to the phenomenon of mode conversion. The analysis uses the method of lines. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Common-path optical coherence tomography with side-viewing bare fiber probe for endoscopic optical coherence tomography

All-fiber-optic common-path optical coherence tomography (OCT) using a side-viewing bare fiber probe has been demonstrated and analyzed. A bare single mode fiber tip is angle cleaved at approximately 49 degrees to enable side illumination due to total internal reflection. The bare fiber probe was inserted in an arterial tissue and a circumferential OCT scan was obtained. The research is aimed at realizing highly miniaturized monolithic probes for possible applications in miniature endoscopic OCT or intravascular OCT. The effects of the angle of the cleaved fiber on reference reflection and the sensitivity of the common-path OCT system have been studied theoretically. The angle cleaved fiber probe is also used in series with a microlens to analyze and optimize its performance in a common-path OCT system. Our research aims to explore the combined advantages of common-path OCT and extremely simplified miniature probe design and to discuss how it may greatly simplify the endoscopic OCT instrumentation eventually.     

Comparative studies on potential of consortium and constituent pure bacterial isolates to decolorize azo dyes

The decolorization potential of the consortium HM-4 constituted by mixing four laboratory isolates identified as Bacillus cereus (BN-7), Pseudomonas putida (BN-4), Pseudomonas fluorescens (BN-5) and Stenotrophomonas acidaminiphila (BN-3) was compared with that of individual isolates. Six different azo dyes viz., C.I. Acid Red 88 (AR-88), C.I. Acid Red 119 (AR-119), C.I. Acid Red 97 (AR-97), C.I. Reactive Red 120 (RR-120), C.I. Acid Blue 113 (AB-113) and C.I. Acid Brown 100 (AB-100) were used in this study. The individual bacterial isolates were not able to completely decolorize these dyes, except for dyes AR-119 and AB-113. The consortium HM-4 was able to decolorize all the dyes used at an initial dye concentration of 20 mg L⁻¹ at a significantly higher rate as compared to that achieved by individual isolates.     

Determination of brominated vegetable oils in soft drinks by gas liquid chromatography

A method is described for the qualitative and quantitative determination of brominated vegetable oils in soft drinks. The procedure involves treatment of the brominated oils with sodium methoxide followed by GLC analysis of the resulting methyl esters using methyl pentadecanoate as internal standard. Recoveries on known amounts of these oils ranged between 93.7% and 102.4%. The technique, applied to several commercial soft drinks, has shown the content of brominated oil to be in the range 10–45 mg per 10 fluid oz of drink.     

The tetragonal-orthorhombic transition and the associated changes in the properties of Pr0.5−xNdxSr0.5MnO3

The transition from the tetragonal (I4/mcm) to the orthorhombic (Imma) structure associated with a change in A- to CE-type antiferromagnetism in the Pr_0.5−xNd_xSr_0.5MnO₃ has been investigated by X-ray diffraction as well as magnetization and resistivity measurements. The transition is found to occur between x=0.1 and 0.2.