Thin hard coatings fracture propagation during the impact test

One of the most significant applications of the impact test is to investigate thin hard coatings fatigue properties. Herein the test conditions and duration up to the film damage initiation, are considered in order to determine the critical stresses associated with the coating fatigue strength. Moreover, the subsequent film damage propagation is a significant mechanism as well, since it refers to the ability of the coating to withstand loads after its fatigue damage initiation. In order to describe the film fracture propagation the failed area ratio was introduced and an algorithm to determine this magnitude developed, based on the analysis of imprint scanning electron microscopy graphs. The application of the coating failed area ratio will be demonstrated in various impact test film cases, also with superficial thin layers. The top layers do not affect, in general, the failure initiation of the basic coating. However, according to the obtained results, the superficial films influence the basic coating failure propagation rate during the impact test.     

Accuracy Investigations of Boundary Element Methods for the Solution of Laplace Equations

Boundary element methods (BEMs) are approved methods for an efficient numerical solution of problems, which are based on a Laplace equation. Here, the solution of electrostatic field problems, steady current flow field problems, and magnetostatic field problems is considered. Focus of this paper is on investigations of accuracy of direct formulations, which are based on Green's theorem. Different types of coupling of computational domains are examined with respect to accuracy and convergence behavior of iterative solvers of the linear system of equations. Furthermore, the influence of singular and nearly singular integrals and the influence of matrix compression techniques to the accuracy of the solution are observed     

Preparation and properties of heavy-metal halide glasses

We have studied the effect of In³⁺, Pb²⁺, Gd³⁺, and Cl (heavier ions) substitutions for Al³⁺, Ba²⁺, La³⁺, and F^? on the crystallization stability and UV/IR optical properties of HBLAN fluorohafnatc glasses (HfF₄-BaF₂-LaF₃-AlF₃-NaF system). We obtained stable glasses containing InF₃ and BaCl₂ instead of AlF₃ and BaF₂, respectively, and offering increased IR transmission. The presence of CCl₄ in the process atmosphere and the removal of oxygen-containing impurities via directional solidification are shown to have an advantageous effect on the optical quality of the glasses. The fluoride-chloride glasses are capable of accommodating about 1.5 times higher levels of rare-earth activators in comparison with their fluoride analogs.     

A computational analysis of LCP methods for bilinear and concave quadratic programming

The use of a sequential linear complementarity problem (SLCP) algorithm for finding a global minimum of bilinear programming problem (BLP) or a concave quadratic program (CQP) is examined. The algorithm consists of solving a sequence of linear complementarity problems (LCP). A branch-and-bound method is also considered in this study. This algorithm is based on the reformulation of a BLP into an LCP with a linear function to minimize. Computational experience with small and medium scale BLPs and CQPs indicates that the SLCP algorithm is quite efficient in finding a global minimum (or at least a solution that is quite near the optimum), but it is, in general, unable to establish that such a solution has been found. An algorithm to find a lower-bound for the BLP can overcome this drawback in some cases. Furthermore the SLCP algorithm is shown to be robust and compares favorably with the branch-and-bound method and another alternative technique.     

Cinematic primitives for multimedia

The development of robust frameworks in interactive multimedia for representing story elements to the machine so that they can be retrieved in multiple contexts is addressed. Interactive multimedia is discussed as a user-directed form of storytelling, and the nature of cinematic storytelling is examined. It is proposed that content can be represented in layers. This model for layered information will allow programs to take advantage of the relation between cinematic sequences and the world they represent. The collection of content by the camera and microphone is considered in this context. The use of the methodology to build meaningful, context-rich sequences is discussed     

A cathode readout gas sampling calorimeter with conductive plastic tubes

We constructed and tested a prototype gas sampling electromagnetic calorimeter of the Pb-proportional tube sandwich type. The calorimeter uses conductive plastic tubes and cathode pad readout with a tower structure which resulted in reasonable energy and spatial resolutions for electrons in the momentum range 0.5–4.0 GeV/c; $\text{σ}{}_{\mathrm{E}}\text{E =}\text{21\%}\text{(E(}\text{GeV}\text{)}\text{)}{}^{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}\text{, σ}{}_{\mathrm{x}}\text{= 6}\text{mm}\text{(at 3 GeV}$/c). This paper describes the test and the performance studied under various conditions.     

Interaction of a ductile projectile with a brittle solid medium

The process of interaction of a ductile projectile with a many times harder brittle target is analyzed in the 500–1000 m/sec range of velocities. The effect of hardness of the target and its fragmentation on the penetration depth is shown.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 9, pp. 60–62, September, 1991.     

Fabrication of a poly-Si thin-film transistor with storage capacitor

The fabrication process of a low-temperature poly-Si thin-film transistor (TFT) with a storage capacitor was studied. The atmospheric-pressure chemical-vapour deposited SiO₂ protected the buried indium tin oxide (ITO) from reduction by a pure H₂ plasma treatment that was essential for the effective improvement of the poly-Si TFT characteristics. Thus, a storage capacitor with an ITO (picture electrode)-SiO₂-ITO (buried common electrode) structure was successfully fabricated. The poly-Si TFT with a channel width/length W/L ratio of 5 drove a 3 pF storage capacitor in 2 μs, and it showed superior driverability for LCD use. The TFT also had good hold characteristics under illumination for the realization of grey-scale representation.