Optical–microphysical properties of smoke haze from Siberian forest fires in summer 2012

A comprehensive experiment on the study of dynamics of optical and microphysical characteristics of submicron aerosols in the near-ground air layer was carried out in June–August of 2012 under conditions of extremely strong smoke haze originating from vast forest fires in Siberia. Variations of the spectral angular scattering coefficients and the degree of linear polarization in the visible wavelength range are studied, as well as the mass concentrations of dry fractions of aerosol and black carbon, relative content of black carbon (BC fraction), single scattering albedo, particle size distribution function, complex refractive index of the particulate matter, and parameter of condensation activity of aerosol. Peculiarities of differences between optical and microphysical characteristics of near-ground aerosol in smoke haze and under smokeless conditions are revealed. This study is important for validation of results of remote sensing of the composition of smoke haze and background atmosphere obtained from satellite data and sun photometric measurements at the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET).     

Profile miniaturization and performance improvement of a rectangular patch antenna using magnetic metamaterial substrates

The idea of profile miniaturization and performance improvement of a rectangular patch antenna using a metamaterial substrate with large values in the real part of effective relative permeability is proposed in microwave frequency range. The volume profile of the antenna is minimized by tuning the effective relative permeability and thickness of the substrate material. The specific type of metamaterial which can be used as substrate material for the antenna miniaturization purpose is suggested. The proposed idea is validated through finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) simulations for sample rectangular patch antennas with metamaterial substrates at the frequency about 10 GHz. Improvement of the power directivity is found for the metamaterial substrate with large value in the real part of effective permeability. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 26:254–261, 2016.     

Facilities for calibration of dc emf measures and voltmeters

A set of instruments for reproduction and storage of the emf and dc voltage unit and for transferring it directly to the location where measuring instruments (MIs) are used with an accuracy of (3–5) ·10^–7, developed at the VNIIFTRI Research and Production Association (RPA) is described. The metrological characteristics of the set are investigated.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 1, pp. 63–64, January, 1994.     

Analysis of intermediate boson spectra from FIR data for HTSC and heavy fermion systems

Calculations of the effect of intermediate bosons on the optical properties of the normal state are used to analyze the spectra of these bosons. For high temperature superconductors these spectra are in agreement with the standard electron-phonon model (the end of the spectrum is near 800 cm^–1) with a moderate coupling constant =1–1.5. For the heavy fermion compound UPt₃ the spectrum of intermediate bosons is consistent with neutron data for spin fluctuations.This work was partially supported by ISF and RFFI (No 94-02-04186a) grants.     

Developing a software system for automata-based code generation

This paper is devoted to the development of the State Machine Generator system meant for automatic code generation based on the principles of automata-based programming. This system models program logic in terms of the finite-state automaton transition graph and generates program code on its basis. Basic functions of the developed software system and the mechanism of their implementation are described. This paper also proposes a new pattern for designing automaton programs. As an example, State Machine Generator is used to develop a bug tracker system for software testing.     

Compaction Kinetics with Liquid-Phase Sintering of W – Ni – Sn Pseudoalloys

A kinetic equation for compaction with liquid-phase sintering is found on the basis of rheological sintering theory. Kinetic coefficients of the equation are determined from physicochemical properties of a dispersed system and its components. Compaction kinetics are studied for the system W – Ni – Sn where the liquid phase is eutectic alloy Ni – Sn with the greatest nickel content. It is shown that experimental results are in good agreement with those obtained by the kinetic equation on the coordinates porosity – time. Diffusion coefficient is evaluated for tungsten in melt (67.5 mass% Ni + 32.5 mass% Sn): at 1200°C it is 0.113·10_–5 cm₂/sec for grain diameter L ₀ = 3 μm. Time dependences are also obtained for the compaction rate and viscosity of the pseudoalloys studied.     

New gas exhaust system for use in the dry quenching of coke

A new design is proposed for the dry-quenching chamber in coke production. As shown by research on a cold physical model, the new gas distributor and gas-exhaust system ensure that the motion of the cooling gas resembles ideal displacement. The total volume of the dead zones and zones with reduced cooling rate is no more than 15% of the dry-quenching chamber.     

Voltammetric responses of black radish enzyme preparation immobilized on kaolin and aerosil

The purpose of the paper was searching for new “green” energy sources. The changes in the mechanism and the selectivity of components binding from the enzyme mixture extracted from black radish adsorbed on kaolin and aerosil are demonstrated. The differences in the binding mechanisms of metal-containing sites of enzyme molecules based on the implementation of the spatial separation of enzyme fragments containing Fe, Ni, Cu and Zn-ions are mentioned. The implementation of the charge division forms of heterostructures improves the oxidation activity and stability of the immobilized enzyme mixture and creates conditions for the formation of regions capable for specific adsorption of a charge. The spatially separated binding of enzyme fragments to an inorganic carrier exhibits the stabilizing effect on the formation of the areas capable for charging and accumulating red-ox transformations. Electrochemical methods have shown a possibility for the formation of structures responsible for the accumulation of energy, like a supercapacitor, in the immobilized systems consisting of graphene covered by a natural enzyme bound to an inorganic carrier.     

Ignition temperature of coal 3. Multicomponent coal mixtures

The ignition temperature of three-component mixtures is determined. The mixtures contain coal of different metamorphic development, in various proportions. It is found that the actual ignition temperature differs from the values calculated on the basis of the sum rule; the actual ignition temperature is lower. A formula is derived for predicting the ignition temperature of three-component and multicomponent mixtures.     

Choice of line reactors for HVDC lines and back-to-back links

Recommendations on the choice of a line reactor for HVDC lines and back-to-back links have been systematized. It is shown how the HVDC self-resonant frequencies should be detuned from resonance with network harmonics and how long-standing operation of BTBL and HVDC should be provided in commutations, failures, lightning high voltages, and short-circuit current.