Effect of Porcine Whole Blood Protein Hydrolysate on Slow-Twitch Muscle Fiber Expression and Mitochondrial Biogenesis via the AMPK/SIRT1 Pathway

Skeletal muscle is a heterogeneous tissue composed of a variety of functionally different fiber types. Slow-twitch type I muscle fibers are rich with mitochondria, and mitochondrial biogenesis promotes a shift towards more slow fibers. Leucine, a branched-chain amino acid (BCAA), regulates slow-twitch muscle fiber expression and mitochondrial function. The BCAA content is increased in porcine whole-blood protein hydrolysates (PWBPH) but the effect of PWBPH on muscle fiber type conversion is unknown. Supplementation with PWBPH (250 and 500 mg/kg for 5 weeks) increased time to exhaustion in the forced swimming test and the mass of the quadriceps femoris muscle but decreased the levels of blood markers of exercise-induced fatigue. PWBPH also promoted fast-twitch to slow-twitch muscle fiber conversion, elevated the levels of mitochondrial biogenesis markers (SIRT1, p-AMPK, PGC-1α, NRF1 and TFAM) and increased succinate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase activities in ICR mice. Similarly, PWBPH induced markers of slow-twitch muscle fibers and mitochondrial biogenesis in C2C12 myotubes. Moreover, AMPK and SIRT1 inhibition blocked the PWBPH-induced muscle fiber type conversion in C2C12 myotubes. These results indicate that PWBPH enhances exercise performance by promoting slow-twitch muscle fiber expression and mitochondrial function via the AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway.     

可编程仪表放大器的优化设计

可编程仪表放大器的特点是可通过单片机对其增益调节范围进行编程.近年来随着数字电位器的迅速发展和推广应用,为实现可编程仪表放大器的优化设计创造了条件.本文首先介绍数字电位器的基本原理,然后重点阐述可编程仪表放大器的电路设计及应用实例,最后介绍了一种双向可编程增益放大器的设计.     

基于包过滤技术的网络安全的研究

分析了包过滤技术的各种实现方案,并在对比各个方案和剖析操作系统内核的基础上,研究并实现了基于中间层驱动的包过滤技术。通过编写内核级网络驱动实现了包过滤技术的具体应用。     

多通道俄制军用串行总线FPGA的IP核设计

介绍了俄罗斯军用标准ΓОСТ18977和PTM1495.重点进行了IP核总体设计,收发通道和CPU接口的详细设计,通过设置控制、状态等多功能寄存器实现各通道独立工作,软件设计采用状态机保证了协议通信的正确性,并在Quartus Ⅱ 5.0集成开发环境下予以实现.经验证用本方法设计的IP核能很好地实现8通道同时收发的功能,且各个通道能独立设置通信频率、奇偶校验等,解决了以往该类芯片通道少、功能单一的缺点.     

导弹起竖过程的非线性预测控制

为解决导弹起竖过程中的快速性和稳定性问题,提出了采用基于神经网络的非线性预测控制方案,构造了基于BP神经网络的起竖过程单值非线性广义预测控制模型,推导了模型的最优输出控制量的求解算法,并给出了单值非线性广义预测控制的具体实现步骤,最后以典型非线性模型和导弹模型进行了仿真,结果显示控制方案取得了满意的效果。     

航空综合火力与指挥控制系统的仿真研究

讨论了战斗机综合火力与指挥控制系统的发展趋势。分析了战斗机智能航空综合火力与指挥控制系统关键技术,在此基础上给出了仿真技术在战斗机综合火力与指挥控制系统研制中的应用。     

Bilayer-mediated assembly of cationic nanoparticles adsorbed to lipid bilayers: Insights from molecular simulations

Understanding interactions between functionalized gold nanoparticles (NPs) and lipid bilayers is essential for biomedical applications. Experiments have shown that NPs that are stable in solution can assemble into clusters when adsorbed to a lipid bilayer, suggesting that bilayer-mediated interactions facilitate assembly. In this work, we use coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations to study bilayer-mediated interactions between NPs adsorbed to single- and multicomponent lipid bilayers. We perform unbiased simulations and umbrella sampling calculations using an implicit solvent force field to determine the thermodynamic contributions to assembly. We show that bilayer-mediated interactions drive the assembly of NPs into linear aggregates on liquid-disordered bilayers, which we attribute to a reduction in bilayer curvature. Similar bilayer-mediated interactions induce the alignment of NP clusters with phase boundaries in phase-separated bilayers. Together, these simulation results provide new physical insight into the balance of forces that dictate the assembly of charged NPs at multicomponent lipid bilayer interfaces.     

Strengthening boron carbide through lithium dopant

The high strength of boron carbide (B₄C) is essential in its engineering applications such as wear-resistance and body armors. Here, by employing density functional theory simulations, we demonstrated that the strength of B₄C can be enhanced by doping lithium to boron-rich boron carbide (B₁₃C₂) to form r-LiB₁₃C₂. The bonding analysis on r-LiB₁₃C₂ indicates that the electron counting rule (or Wade's rule) is satisfied in r-LiB₁₃C₂ whose formula can be written as r-Li⁺(B₁₂)^2-(CB⁺C). The shear deformation on r-LiB₁₃C₂ indicates that its ideal shear strength is larger than that of B₄C because of the existing of Li dopant. The failure process of r-LiB₁₃C₂ under ideal shear deformation initiates from breaking the icosahedral-icosahedral B-B bonds. Then these B atoms react with the middle B in the C-B-C chain, resulting in the disintegration of icosahedral clusters and brittle failure. More interesting, the nanotwinned r-LiB₁₃C₂ is even stronger than r-LiB₁₃C₂ because of the directional nature of covalent bonding at the twin boundaries. This suggests that the nanotwinned r-LiB₁₃C₂ has a significant enhanced strength compared to B₄C. Our simulation results illustrate the deformation mechanism of Li-doped boron carbide and its nanotwinned microstructure. We proposed to improve the strength of boron carbide by doping Li into B₁₃C₂ and increasing its twin densities.     

Developing conductive immiscible polystyrene/polypropylene blends with a percolated conducting polyaniline/polyamide filler by tuning its specific interactions with the styrene-based triblock compatibilizer grafted with maleic anhydride

An approach to induce conductivity in immiscible polystyrene/polypropylene (PS/PP) blends is described using a percolated conducting polyaniline/polyamide (PANI/PA) filler combined with a polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene-ran-butylene)-block-polystyrene-graft-maleic anhydride compatibilizer. The approach is based on the ability of the compatibilizer to concomitantly stabilize the cocontinuous morphology and to improve the state of dispersion of the PANI/PA filler. Selective localization of PANI/PA in the PS phase with improved filler dispersion is achieved with the optimal master batch (MB) preparation technique followed by its optimized sequence addition to the blend components. This results in an increase in the dc conductivity by six decades as compared with that of the neat compatibilized blend at an effective 4.8-wt % PANI concentration. An investigation of the effect of functionality and concentration of the filler and the compatibilizer on the filler connectivity in the blend is performed. The prevailing specific interactions are analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis of the MBs. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48433.     

TiO2-incorporated polyelectrolyte composite membrane with transformable hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity for nanofiltration separation

The wettability of the membrane surface has shown obvious influent on the separation performance of the membrane. In this work, a hydrophilic PDA-[PDDA/TiO₂]⁺ Cl⁻ membrane was prepared by a one-step codeposition of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) polyelectrolyte solution containing positively charged TiO₂@PDDA nanoparticles with the assistance of dopamine (DA). Such positively charged membrane can be transformed into a hydrophobic membrane PDA-[PDDA/TiO₂]⁺ PFO⁻ via the counterion exchange between Cl⁻ and PFO⁻ (perfluorooctanoate). The transformation between hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity is reversible. For both hydrophilic and hydrophobic membranes, the nanofiltration performances were respectively investigated by the aqueous solution and ethanol solution of dyes including methyl blue (MB), Congo red (CR) and Evans blue (EB), and as well metal salt aqueous solution. The consecutive running stability and anti-fouling performance of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic membranes were explored. The results revealed that both membranes showed high nanofiltration performances for retention of dyes in (non)aqueous solution. For the hydrophilic membrane, the rejection of salts in a sequence is MgSO₄ > Na₂SO₄ > MgCl₂ > NaCl. Moreover, both of the hydrophilic and hydrophobic membranes showed high stability and antifouling property.