Analysis of thin PZT films as a function of depth and thickness by GIXS

Abstract

We have performed depth profile studies on PZT films of different thickness. Thin epitaxial films of PbZr_0.2Ti_0.8O₃ have been deposited on mono-crystalline (001) LaAlO₃ substrate by pulsed laser deposition. Grazing incidence X-ray scattering was used to study the films' structure. GIXS technique was used to analyze the in-plane compression of lattice parameters as a function of depth within the films.     

Studies on the chemico-biological characteristics of bilirubin binding with collagen

The clinical impact of bilirubin on collagen is investigated using various physical, chemical and biological methods. Thermo gravimetric analysis and differential scanning analysis of collagen–bilirubin complex matrices indicate that crosslinking does not alter their thermal behavior of collagen. The polydispersity of collagen–bilirubin complex increases in the reacting medium suggesting that there is an increase in the number of interacting points between them. Based on the zeta potential values, the rate of mobility of interacted complex decreases by inferring the extent of binding compared to the control collagen. Emission intensity begins to increase with increase in concentration of bilirubin which ascribes the conformational changes around the aromatic amino acids in collagen. Binding is indicated by an increase in resonance units and the responses are corrected by subtraction of those obtained for native collagen. Bilirubin showed a higher affinity for collagen at a concentration of about 25 nM/mg. In this study, the association rate has been calculated which depicts the increased affinity of bilirubin to collagen. Affinity for bilirubin to collagen has been found to be 8.89 × 10^? 3 s^? 1. The greater part of binding of bilirubin to collagen is found to be electrostatic in nature. The investigation leads to comprehend the affinity of collagen–bilirubin complex during jaundice diseased tissues.     

Convergence on iterative learning control of Hilfer fractional impulsive evolution equations

In this paper, impulsive fractional differential equations with Hilfer fractional derivatives of order and type $0\le \nu \le 1$ is considered. Convergence analysis of $P$-type and $P{I}^{\mu }$-type open-loop iterative learning scheme is studied in the sense of $\lambda$-norm. Examples are provided to explain the theory developed.     

Glass Fiber-Reinforced Composites: From Formulation to Application

Glass fiber-reinforced composite materials are attractive because their properties can be tailored to meet the specific needs of a variety of applications. The mechanical and thermal properties of a composite generally follow the rule of mixtures. As glass fiber is the major component at 70–75% by weight (50–60% by volume), selection of the correct glass product is critical. Glass fiber reinforcement is available in many forms, including continuous rovings, chopped fibers, fabrics, and nonwoven mats. In addition to form, selection of a reinforcement product involves choosing a glass type, chemistry on the glass (sizing) filament diameter, and tex. Glass formulation or type governs mechanical, thermal, and corrosion properties, whereas sizing protects the glass during handling and gives compatibility with the resin system. Filament diameter and strand tex are chosen to balance physical properties and manufacturing efficiency. A significant amount of tensile strength, up to 50%, may be lost from a pristine single filament to a multi-filament roving. To minimize this degradation, the utmost care and consistency must be exercised in the fiber forming process. This, coupled with selection of a high-performance glass formulation, enables use of composites in highly demanding applications, such as pressure vessels and ballistic armor.