Milk type during mixed feeding: contribution to serum cholesterol ester fatty acids in late infancy

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the contribution of the type of milk on serum cholesterol ester fatty acids in infants receiving mixed feeding, we analyzed 3-day dietary records and serum cholesterol ester fatty acid composition of 397 seven-month-old infants. STUDY DESIGN: The infants received, in addition to solid food, only one type of milk: human milk (n = 218), a ready-to-use liquid formula (n = 139), a powdered formula (n = 33), or soy formula (n = 7). RESULTS: Mean fat intakes were low and varied from 28% to 31% of energy; the milks provided 43% to 64% of the fat. The mean polyunsaturated/saturated fat ratios of solid foods were from 0.52 to 0.63 and of milks from 0.20 to 0.45. Breast-fed infants' relative serum linoleic acid (18:2n-6) concentration was low (51.2%), whereas infants fed liquid formula had low serum oleic acid (18:1n-9) in accordance with low oleic acid content in that formula. The breast-fed infants had markedly higher serum concentrations of arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) than the infants fed any of the formulas. CONCLUSION: The typical fatty acid patterns of breast- or formula-fed infants were still evident in 7-month-old infants who already received 60% to 70% of their energy from solid food. Marked differences were seen also in the relative concentrations of docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid despite their small contribution in cholesterol esters.     

Children's hedonic response to berry products: Effect of chemical composition of berries and hTAS2R38 genotype on liking

The hedonic response of 104 healthy children, recruited from day-care centres and schools, to 12 different berry products with varying content of added sugar was studied. The berries used as ingredients were blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum), sea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides), bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus), and lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea). Another aim of the study was to study the effects of the chemical composition of berries as well as children’s hTAS2R38 taste receptor genotypes on liking. The most liked product was bilberry with yoghurt, followed by bilberry juice, dried bilberries, and lingonberry rye bread. The most disliked products were sea buckthorn juice, sea buckthorn berries with yoghurt, and oatmeal with blackcurrant powder and berry oil. High total organic acid concentration was strongly related with a poor average liking score of the berries/berry products. A total of four different alleles of hTAS2R38 gene were observed in the study. Of the genotyped children, 45% were bitter taste insensitive individuals of the genotype AVI/AVI, and 40% were of the genotype PAV/AVI. Children of the genotype PAV/AVI were reported using more vegetables, but not berries, than the AVI/AVI children. The results also show that the liking scores of the children of the AVI/AVI, PAV/AVI, and PAV/PAV genotypes differed from each other, and that the familiarity of a berry product is likely to be an important factor in liking.     

Influence of cardiovascular risk status on coronary flow reserve in healthy young men

To detect changes in vascular physiology associated with early atherosclerosis, we studied whether alterations in coronary flow reserve, as assessed by positron emission tomography imaging with intravenous dipyridamole, would be related to risk factor variables in healthy young men. The number of conventional risk variables correlated significantly with coronary flow reserve (r = -0.58, p = 0.0007), suggesting that alterations in functional vascular reactivity are related to the cardiovascular risk status already in healthy young men.     

A feed scanning based APC technique for compact antenna test ranges

The measurement accuracy of a compact antenna test range (CATR) depends on the level of spurious signals. To improve the measurement accuracy, several error compensation methods have been developed, but most of them are not feasible at submillimeter wavelengths. This paper introduces an error compensation technique for compact antenna test ranges, which is especially suitable at submillimeter wavelengths. The method is based on antenna pattern comparison (APC). In the original APC technique the antenna pattern is recorded several times at different positions of the quiet-zone field, and the corrected pattern is obtained by averaging the measured patterns. In the proposed method, the lightweight transmitter is moved instead of moving the heavy combination of the antenna under test (AUT) and the rotation stage. The feasibility of the method is studied and the method is tested with measurements in a hologram based compact antenna test range at 310 GHz. The accuracy provided by the proposed method is compared to the accuracy provided by the conventional APC. The accuracies provided by both methods are practically equal.     

生物技术——未来纤维改性的关键技术

以森林为基础的产业是一个巨大的产业并且越来越具有挑战性.需要做的是提高现有产品和服务的附加值以及开发新型的以林业为基础的产品.要达到此目的,就需要像生物技术这样的先进制造技术,并且还需要利用已有的科学发展成果.先进的以林业为基础的产品,以及高附加值产品,取决于新的、改进的制造体系和工艺.如今已经用生物技术工具,尤其是酶,来改善传统的制浆造纸工艺,提高产品质量.将来,特殊和专用的酶将为创造新附加值产品开辟新的途径.     

Cigarette smoke affects lipolytic activity in isolated rat lungs

Isolated perfused rat lungs liberated fatty acids at a rate of 15 μmol/hr during perfusion of triglyceride-rich medium through the pulmonary vascular bed. About 80% of this activity seemed to result from lipoprotein lipase and 20% to hormone-sensitive lipase. Ventilation of the lungs with cigarette smoke instead of air during the perfusion reduced fatty acid liberation by 23%. Pre-exposure of rats to cigarette smoke for either 1 or 10 days did not cause significant changes in lung lipolytic activity compared to sham-exposed controls.     

Change in job strain and progression of atherosclerosis: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns study.

[Correction Notice: An erratum for this article was reported in Vol 16(2) of Journal of Occupational Health Psychology (see record 2011-06502-001). The order of authorship was listed incorrectly. The correct order is listed in the correction.] Evidence of the association between job strain, that is, a combination of high psychological demands and low job control, and markers of atherosclerosis is mixed, but few studies with repeat measures are available. The purpose of this study was to examine cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between job strain and atherosclerosis. The participants were 335 men and 374 women from the prospective Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns study (mean age 38.5 years). Two sequential measurements of job strain and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) were analyzed. No cross-sectional or longitudinal association between job strain and IMT was observed in women. In men, a cross-sectional association was found in 2001, but not in 2007. No dose-response effect was visible, nor a simple association between progression of job strain and progression of IMT. Instead, a more complex pattern of correlation was found in men with large decreases in job strain being associated with slower progression of IMT and combined decreases in job control and demands (a change toward passive jobs) being associated with greater IMT progression. These data suggest that temporal changes in job demands and control are associated with IMT in men via multiple mechanisms. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Estimator for reflective delay line-type SAW sensors - [correspondence]

This correspondence presents an estimator for reflective delay line-type surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors. The estimator is derived from an analytical model and its range of validity is discussed. The proposed estimator enables simultaneous access to several SAW sensors with time-orthogonal responses and it can be implemented in a computationally efficient way utilizing the fast Fourier transform algorithm. The estimator is experimentally verified and its performance is compared with that of a reference estimator.     

Evaluation of annual bioenergy crops in the boreal zone for biogas and ethanol production

Three annual plant species, maize, hemp and faba bean were tested for suitability as dedicated biomass crops in Boreal conditions. Biomass yields were 10-15 t ha^-1. The crops were analyzed for their composition and tested as raw materials for conversion to methane and to fermentable sugars. The methane yield was 379 ± 16 Ndm³ kg⁻¹ VS⁻¹ from maize, 387 ± 20 Ndm³ kg⁻¹ VS⁻¹ from faba bean and 239 ± 9 Ndm³ kg⁻¹ VS⁻¹ from hemp. Based on the yield per hectare, maize proved to be the most potential raw material source for methane production. Analogous to methane production, maize was the most productive raw material also in standard hydrolysis tests, with a conversion yield of about 80% of the theoretical sugars. Based on the amount of carbohydrates, the highest theoretical yield per hectare was obtained with hemp. However, considering all parameters, including the need for weeding and fertilizers, all three crops studied proved to be attractive options for cultivation in boreal conditions as well as being used as energy crops in boreal climate.     

"Change in job strain and progression of atherosclerosis: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns study": Correction to Rosenstr?m et al. (2011).

Reports an error in "Change in job strain and progression of atherosclerosis: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns study" by Tom Rosenstr?m, Mirka Hintsanen, Mika Kivim?ki, Markus Jokela, Markus Juonala, Jorma S. Viikari, Olli T. Raitakari and Liisa Keltikangas-J?rvinen (Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 2011[Jan], Vol 16[1], 139-150). The order of authorship was listed incorrectly. The correct order is listed in the correction. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2011-01470-011.) Evidence of the association between job strain, that is, a combination of high psychological demands and low job control, and markers of atherosclerosis is mixed, but few studies with repeat measures are available. The purpose of this study was to examine cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between job strain and atherosclerosis. The participants were 335 men and 374 women from the prospective Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns study (mean age 38.5 years). Two sequential measurements of job strain and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) were analyzed. No cross-sectional or longitudinal association between job strain and IMT was observed in women. In men, a cross-sectional association was found in 2001, but not in 2007. No dose-response effect was visible, nor a simple association between progression of job strain and progression of IMT. Instead, a more complex pattern of correlation was found in men with large decreases in job strain being associated with slower progression of IMT and combined decreases in job control and demands (a change toward passive jobs) being associated with greater IMT progression. These data suggest that temporal changes in job demands and control are associated with IMT in men via multiple mechanisms. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)