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21.
    
A new approach based on nonlinear ultrasonic (NLU) technique is presented for nondestructive evaluation of yield strength and tensile strength of cold worked AISI type 304 stainless steel (SS). In this approach, the ultrasonic harmonics generated in cold worked stainless steel, as a result of interaction of ultrasonic wave with dislocations and substructural changes, are measured precisely and the nonlinear ultrasonic parameter, β is determined. A quadratic relationship, with a correlation coefficient better than 0.99, is found between the yield strength and the β parameter as well as between the tensile strength and β parameter of the cold worked specimens. The observed behavior is explained based on microscopy, variations in martensite volume fraction and dislocation density determined from X-ray diffraction profile analysis. The proposed approach can be effectively used for nondestructively ensuring the uniformity of tensile properties of steel components on shop-floor during various stages of manufacturing and also as feedback module in intelligent processing of materials concept.  相似文献   
22.
Density and viscosity of vegetable oils   总被引:1,自引:5,他引:1  
A generalized method was developed to estimate the liquid density of vegetable oils and fatty acids. The correlation for vegetable oils was based on fatty acid critical properties and composition of the oil. The correlations predicted the density of vegetable oils and fatty acids with an average absolute deviation of 0.21 and 0.77%, respectively. The present method is slightly more accurate in predicting vegetable oil density and simpler than the method of Halvorsen et al. Also, a method is introduced that predicts viscosity from density data, thus relating two key properties of vegetable oils.  相似文献   
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The peptide coupling reaction is one of the most critical steps in the solid phase synthesis of therapeutic peptides/proteins. Improper reaction conditions can result in several common impurities such as single amino acid deletions, additions, N-terminus modifications, and D-isomers, all while potentially impacting the active pharmaceutical ingredient critical quality attributes. In this work, we developed a first-principle mechanistic reaction kinetics model for the solid-phase peptide/protein coupling reaction based on well-established reaction mechanisms and experimental data from literature. Utilizing the reaction kinetics model, we present a systematic, quality by design approach for the coupling reaction control strategy. Critical process parameters are identified via univariate analysis and the design space is designated via multivariate risk assessment. The presented approach provides a novel solution for designing solid-phase peptide/protein synthesis control strategies and identifying normal operating ranges for each process parameter, as well as the associated design space.  相似文献   
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Substituted polyaniline, poly(N-ethyl aniline) (PNEA), doped with camphor sulphonic acid (CSA) and p-toluene sulphonic acid (p-TSA), was synthesized by single-step chemical polymerization method using ammonium persulphate as an oxidizing agent. This is a single-step polymerization process to synthesize directly the conducting emeraldine salt phase of the polymer using CSA and p-toluene sulphonic acid as dopants. The synthesized polymers were characterized by UV–vis and FTIR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, TGA/SDTA, DSC, and conductivity measurements. This single-step chemical synthesis method offers a polymer having very good physicochemical properties with good electrical conductivity. High temperature conductivity measurements show “thermal activated behavior.” The change in resistance with respect to % relative humidity (% RH) is observed, when pressed pellets of the polymer were exposed to the broad range of humidity (ranging between 20 and 100% RH). POLYM. ENG. SCI., 47:1621–1629, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers  相似文献   
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Palladium nanoparticles of average size around 8 nm have been synthesized rapidly by UV irradiation of mixture of palladium chloride and potassium oxalate solutions. A rod-shaped palladium oxalate complex has been observed as an intermediate. In the absence of potassium oxalate, no Pd nanoparticles have been observed. The synthesized Pd nanoparticles have been characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selective area electron diffraction and energy dispersive analysis by X-rays (EDAX) analyses. XRD analysis indicates the preferential orientation of catalytically active {111} planes in Pd nanoparticles. A plausible mechanism has been proposed for the formation of anisotropic Pd nanoparticles.  相似文献   
26.
Studies the global asymptotic stability of a class of fuzzy systems. It demonstrates the equivalence of stability properties of fuzzy systems and linear time invariant (LTI) switching systems. A necessary and sufficient condition for the stability of such systems are given, and it is shown that under the sufficient condition, a common Lyapunov function exists for the LTI subsystems. A particular case when the system matrices can be simultaneously transformed to normal matrices is shown to correspond to the existence of a common quadratic Lyapunov function. A constructive procedure to check the possibility of simultaneous transformation to normal matrices is provided  相似文献   
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The kinetics of pseudocumene oxidation in the vapor phase with tin vanadate as catalyst have been studied over the following ranges of the variables: Oxygen concentration, 0.909 to 2.857 mole/m3; pseudocumene concentration, 0.071 to 0.125 mole/m3; temperature, 260 to 320°C; space time, 22.5 to 90 × 104 g. catalyst/mole sec. Oxidation-reduction models have been found to describe the kinetics adequately. The mechanism is found to remain the same throughout the temperature range covered.  相似文献   
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