石家庄市室内氡及其子体浓度

本文报道了用双滤膜法对石家庄市室内空气中氡及其子体浓度的调查结果。47个房间室内氡年平均浓度为17.0Bq·m~(-3),氡子体平均浓度是7.14Bq·m~(-3)。氡及其子体浓度的日变化是清晨4—8时出现峰值。季节变化是夏秋季低,冬季高,全年的最低值出现在8月,最高值出现在11月。     

TEM study of PLZT ceramics

The microscopic structures of PLZT(7.9/70/30 and x/65/35, x = 7 or 8) ceramics were studied by means of transmission electron microscopy. The presence of micro-regions in PLZTs was first verfied.     

Combined shape and sizing optimization of truss structures

 In this paper, an evolutionary optimization method is presented for weight minimum problem of a 3-dimensional truss structure in terms of nodal coordinates and element cross-sectional areas. The structure is subject to stress, local buckling and displacement constraints. Two types of design variables with different natures are optimized separately: (1) a fully stressed design (FSD) and scaling techniques are applied to sizing variables and (2) the evolutionary node shift method is applied to shape variables. Alternating procedure is utilized to couple the two types of variables and to combine the results. The optimum solution is achieved gradually from the initial configuration design. Two typical truss structures are examined to illustrate the validity of the method. Received: 22 October 2001 / Accepted: 04 June 2002 This research work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under the guarantees no. 10072050 and 10172072, respectively.     

我国建筑涂料技术进步简评

从以下诸方面简述我国建筑涂料的技术进步:⑴新品种涂料的研制开发;⑵加强对配套材料及施工技术的研究;⑶超细填料在涂料中的应用;⑷计算机自动配色技术;⑸产品标准的修订;⑹建筑涂料的实用范围扩大。     

地热、温泉水利用中氡的防护

地热作为一种比较经济、方便的新能源的同时,也给公众和环境带来辐射影响。本文介绍了地热和温泉水中~(222)Rn 的放射性水平及其对人体健康的影响,对地热、温泉水利用中氡的防护措施提出了一些建议。     

秦山核电厂气载放射性释放的环境影响

本文评价了秦山核电厂气载放射性流出物对环境的影响。应用现场及风洞大气扩释实验结果和厂址周围的人口与食谱调查资料,估算了秦山核电厂在正常运行和事故条件下释放的气载放射性流出物对公众产生的个人有效剂量当量和集体有效剂量当量。计算结果表明,正常运行时厂址边界(0.5km)处的最大个人有效剂量当量为2.7×10~(-2)mSv/a,该剂量的大部分来自~(137)Cs 的食入(主要由地表湿沉积引起);80km 范围内的集体有效剂量当量为1.1人·Sv/a,归一化集体有效剂量当量为3.7人·Sv/GW(e)·a。文中还给出了事故情况下剂量估算结果。     

北京谱仪端盖簇射计数器工作气体的研究

为使北京谱仪端盖族射计数器更好地工作在自猝灭流光ＳＱＳ模式下，提高其能量分辨以及线性等指标，用Ａｒ，ＣＯ２，Ｌｓｏｂｕｔａｎｅ三元工作气体对探测器的工作性能进行了仔细研究，找出了一适合于主雇地数器的工作气体，此外，还研究了异丁的纯度对探测器性能的影响。     

Kinetics of sol-to-gel transition for poloxamer polyols

Kinetics of gelation for aqueous solutions of poloxamers 407 and 288 were determined using pulse shearometry. The principle of this method for determining the shear modulus of a semisolid was based on generation of a torsional force that is transmitted through the poloxamer sample at discrete time intervals. Three distinct linear phases were observed for the log dynamic shear modulus (G′) vs. time profiles as poloxamer 407 and 288 solutions of varying concentrations were allowed to passively warm at room temperature to a temperature exceeding the sol-to-gel transition temperature, T_m. The beginning of the second exponential phase coincided with the onset of the gelation process as determined by visual observation. Although gelation appeared visually to be complete at the beginning of the third exponential phase of the log G′ vs. time profiles, this last exponential phase may indicate the rate of formation of the polymer network. A comparison of poloxamer 407 [30% (w/w); T_m = 10.9°C] and poloxamer 288 [37% (w/w); T_m = 11.1°C] would suggest that the concentration of poloxamer required to achieve approximately the same gelation temperature for poloxamers having a similar ratio of poly(oxypropylene):poly(oxyethylene) units decreases with increasing molecular weight of the poly(oxypropylene) hydrophobe contained in the copolymer. Results of these preliminary studies suggest that the gelation process was significantly (p < .05) more rapid for poloxamer 407 at a 30% (w/w) concentration compared to a 30% (w/w) solution of poloxamer 288 when the poloxamer solutions were allowed to passively warm at room temperature. In addition, it appears that the rate of gelation for the poloxamer solutions studied was dependent on the rate of heat transfer through the polymer solution.