堑沟掘进工艺

详细介绍了经山寺露天铁矿开采中所采用的堑沟掘进工艺,包括堑沟掘进数量、运输道路和堑沟位置选择、堑沟爆破技术、堑沟掘进安全、堑沟掘进工作效率及成本分析等组成部分。     

Enhancement-mode thin film transistor with nitrogen-doped ZnO channel layer deposited by laser molecular beam epitaxy

The thin film transistors (TFTs) based on nitrogen doped zinc oxide (ZnO) were investigated by laser molecular beam epitaxy. The increase of ZnO films' resistivity by nitrogen doping was found and applied in enhancement mode ZnO-TFTs. The ZnO-TFTs with a conventional bottom-gate structure were fabricated on thermally oxidized p-type silicon substrate. Electrical measurement has revealed that the devices operate as an n-channel enhancement mode and exhibit an on/off ratio of 10⁴. The threshold voltage is 5.15 V. The channel mobility on the order of 2.66 cm² V^− 1 s^− 1 has been determined.     

QuEChERS法联合在线凝胶过滤色谱-气相色谱-质谱联用法快速测定鱼肉中16种农药残留量

目的采用QuEChERS前处理方法和在线凝胶过滤色谱-气相色谱-质谱(GPC-GC/MS)联用法对鱼肉样品中的16种有机磷、菊酯和氨基甲酸酯等农药残留进行测定。方法首先用QuEChERS方法进行样品前处理,即乙腈提取,提取溶液经脱水后离心,用分散性吸附剂去除离心提取液中的干扰基质(如油脂和色素等),然后直接进行在线GPC-GC/MS联用法分析。结果在线GPC-GC/MS系统中的GPC能弥补QuEChERS方法去除干扰物质不彻底的问题,从而降低了分析背景,改善了峰形,提高了分析结果的准确性和相关质谱图的匹配性。在加标0.01 mg/kg情况下,鱼肉样品的回收率为80%~120%,相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于20%。线性范围0.01~0.05μg/mL,相关系数0.9961~0.9998。结论本研究建立的方法步骤简单、可操作性强、仪器自动化程度高,具有检出限低、准确度高、精密度好的特点,应用于日常检测可大大降低检测成本,缩短分析周期。     

玉米存储过程中真菌毒素污染控制与监测的研究进展

玉米的安全卫生主要受四大因素影响。一是重金属的污染、二是药剂残留、三是苯并芘污染、四是真菌毒素的侵染。在粮库中长期存储的玉米在贮藏期间质量变化可分为内因的陈化与外因的霉变。其中霉变引起的真菌毒素感染是对玉米品质危害最大的因素。本文主要介绍了玉米霉变后能够产生的四种主要真菌毒素的特点及产生条件。通过减少玉米籽粒的破损、控制水分、分类储存等手段来预防玉米霉菌的生长。通过对霉菌活性、霉菌数量和类群、粮温、粮堆气体成分变化、玉米品质指标的理化及微生物的检测等手段来监控和判定玉米品质的变化情形。     

Dissimilar roles of the four conserved acidic residues in the thermal stability of poly(a)-specific ribonuclease

Divalent metal ions are essential for the efficient catalysis and structural stability of many nucleotidyl-transfer enzymes. Poly(A)-specific ribonuclease (PARN) belongs to the DEDD superfamily of 3'-exonucleases, and the active site of PARN contains four conserved acidic amino acid residues that coordinate two Mg(2+) ions. In this research, we studied the roles of these four acidic residues in PARN thermal stability by mutational analysis. It was found that Mg(2+) significantly decreased the rate but increased the aggregate size of the 54 kDa wild-type PARN in a concentration-dependent manner. All of the four mutants decreased PARN thermal aggregation, while the aggregation kinetics of the mutants exhibited dissimilar Mg(2+)-dependent behavior. A comparison of the kinetic parameters indicated that Asp28 was the most crucial one to the binding of the two Mg(2+) ions, while metal B might be more important in PARN structural stability. The spectroscopic and aggregation results also suggested that the alterations in the active site structure by metal binding or mutations might lead to a global conformational change of the PARN molecule.     

Analysis of chaos and FRET reaction in split-and-recombine microreactors

The mixing and reaction performance of a split-and-recombine (SAR) microreactor was enhanced on modification of the geometric configuration. A rotation of fluid is induced on shrinking the structure of the splitting and reorientation region in alternate directions, thus improving the pattern of multi-lamination and enhancing the chaos of the fluid. To design and to analyze systematically the performance of the reactors, an effective method involving chaotic analysis and fluorescent resonant-energy transfer (FRET) is proposed. The structural design of a passive microreactor to generate an effective contact between the reagents is of great practical significance. SAR microreactors of four types with various microstructures were designed to illustrate the effects of geometric patterns (i.e., arrangement and dimensions) on mixing and reaction. Through analysis of the chaos, we revealed numerically the dynamic mixing governed by multi-lamination and chaotic mechanisms in the devices. The results show that specific structural designs induce rotation and rearrangement of fluids, thus elongating their material interface; the mixing of the fluids consequently improved. We investigated the hybridization of two complementarily labeled oligonucleotides in the devices by means of FRET. How the devices affected the rate of hybridization was thereby assessed, verifying that FRET is a technique capable of estimating the practical applicability of these devices.     

螺旋形碳纳米管的制备表征及其生长机理的探讨

采用气凝胶与干凝胶两种催化剂载体通过化学气相淀积方法制备出螺旋状的碳纳米管.研究结果表明:气凝胶催化剂载体所制备出的螺旋碳纳米管和干凝胶载体所制备出的螺旋碳管相比较具有以下几个特点:(1)较好的石墨化程度,(2)较小的直径,(3)较好的螺旋形态,即较好的螺距一致性.分析结果认为气凝胶独特的介孔性质是导致气凝胶样品所制备的碳管具有以上特点的根本原因.另外,还提出催化剂颗粒周边上催化活性的各向异性将导致螺旋碳管的生长.     

Preparation of Aqueous Nanodispersions of Disperse Dye by High-Gravity Technology and Spray Drying

Disperse dyes are poorly water-soluble and difficult to stably disperse in an aqueous medium, which greatly limits their application in dyeing synthetic fibers. Micronization can solve this problem. Herein, a facile way to prepare stable aqueous nanodispersions of disperse dye (C.I. disperse yellow 54) is presented by combining high-gravity antisolvent precipitation in a rotating packed bed (RPB) with spray drying. The as-prepared product had an average particle size of 120 nm, which could be readily redispersed in water. Compared with raw dye, the wettability and dispersibility of disperse dye nanoparticles were remarkably improved. Furthermore, the dyeing properties of the nanodispersions were obviously better than those of the commercial dye, which was micronized by ball milling.     

Petroleum substitution, greenhouse gas emissions reduction and environmental benefits from the development of natural gas vehicles in China

This study develops a bottom-up model to quantitatively assess the comprehensive effects of replacing traditional petroleum-powered vehicles with natural gas vehicles (NGVs) in China based on an investigation of the direct energy consumption and critical air pollutant (CAP) emission intensity, life-cycle energy use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission intensity of NGV fleets. The results indicate that, on average, there are no net energy savings from replacing a traditional fuel vehicle with an NGV. Interestingly, an NGV results in significant reductions in direct CAP and life-cycle GHG emissions compared to those of a traditional fuel vehicle, ranging from 61% to 76% and 12% to 29%, respectively. Due to the increasing use of natural gas as a vehicle fuel in China (i.e. approximately 28.2 billion cubic metres of natural gas in 2015), the total petroleum substituted with natural gas was approximately 23.8 million tonnes (Mt), which generated a GHG emission reduction of 16.9 Mt of CO₂ equivalent and a CAP emission reduction of 1.8 Mt in 2015. Given the significant contribution of NGVs, growing the NGV population in 2020 will further increase the petroleum substitution benefits and CAP and GHG emission reduction benefits by approximately 42.5 Mt of petroleum-based fuel, 3.1 Mt of CAPs and 28.0 Mt of GHGs. By 2030, these benefits will reach 81.5 Mt of traditional petroleum fuel, 5.6 Mt of CAPs and 50.5 Mt of GHGs, respectively.     

多角度偏振探测仪的相对辐射校正方法研究

相对辐射校正是实现多角度偏振探测仪全视场高精度辐射定标的关键技术之一。提出了一种高精度自动化的相对辐射校正方法,采用15×15个分视场扫描测量的方式,通过高精度大型二维转台和大口径积分球参考光源实现全视场的辐射响应测量;模拟在轨工作模式,规范了数据采集流程,编写数据采集软件实现了辐射响应图像数据获取;设计数据图像拼接算法和相关的数据处理方法,完成了相对辐射校正的数据处理和精度分析。数据比对分析和精度分析结果表明相对辐射校正精度在0.5%~0.8%之内。