The Geography of Opportunity and Unemployment: An Integrated Model of Residential Segregation and Spatial Mismatch

Abstract: This article combines the neighborhood effects and spatial mismatch frameworks into a single model explaining how geographic factors contribute to unemployment. Using National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (1979) data, I estimate a two‐step model that separately models the effects of segregation and spatial mismatch. The first model predicts educational attainment as a function of exposure to residential segregation as a youth. The second model predicts unemployment probability as an adult as a function of educational attainment and spatial mismatch. The empirical results show that segregation does have discernable effects on educational attainment for blacks, but not for whites. I also find that spatial mismatch affects unemployment probability for blacks, but such an effect is hardly present for whites. A partial equilibrium analysis using predictions from the models shows that large changes in either segregation levels or the central city/suburban distribution of the black population would yield only moderate decreases in unemployment probability for the black population overall. Yet despite small predicted effects, these results should be viewed with caution because the general equilibrium effects of a large scale movement of blacks and whites across metropolitan space are largely impossible to predict with current data.     

陶瓷企业公共关系与市场营销

公共关系是提高企业形象竞争力的法宝,企业将公共关系运用于营销活动之中,能够与社会公众建立、维持和发展良好的互利关系,通过树立良好的企业形象和信誉,从而为企业市场营销创造一个和谐的环境。从公共关系与市场营销的内涵入手,对市场营销中公共关系的作用和具体应用进行了初步的分析,希望通过这些分析,能够引起陶瓷企业在营销活动中对公共关系的注意。     

The influence of heat-treatment on the current-voltage behavior of the ZnO-Bi2O3 based varistors

The post-sintering heat treatment on the current-voltage behavior of the ZnO-Bi₂O₃ based varistors is reported. It is suggested that only phase transition of the Bi₂O₃ is not alone responsible for the resulting electrical performance by these devices. The ambient condition influences the performance parameters. Thus, incorporating the role of oxygen and zinc interstitial in the total device during the post-sintering heat-treatment is accounted as responsible parameters for the ultimate performance. Two recipes are used in demonstrating the effect of heat-treatment on the functional behavior of the devices.     

基于IPv6校园网的智能选课系统的J2EE架构的设计与实现

通过分析IPv6校园网自主学习模式下的自主选课问题,提出了利用J2EE技术构建基于IPv6校园网的智能选课系统的总体结构及具体实现.     

煤气鼓风机润滑系统改造

对球团煤气鼓风机轴承润滑系统出现的问题进行分析,提出改进方案。     

通过对一个旧战例的回顾看构筑物倒塌的抢险救援

通过北京火车站站前广告牌倒塌的抢险救援,阐述了构筑倒塌抢险救援的程序、方法及注意的问题。     

＇06香港专利授权展规模创历年之最

第五届香港专利授权展7月4日至6日在香港会展中心2B展馆举行。本届专利授权展参展商逾百家，将展示更多的授权项目，举办内容丰富的研讨会，参观者不仅可以从展会中寻找商机。而且可以获得新的信息，从中窥测到专利授权的市场走向。[编者按]     

锝化学研究 Ⅸ.脑显像剂Tc~(Ⅴ)ON_2S_2类配合物结构稳定性和价态的研究

采用改进的ＣＮＤＯ／２法模拟了ＢＡＴ类脑显像剂Ｔｃ（Ⅴ）Ｏ配合物价态的转换过程，发现Ｎ２Ｓ２类配体与Ｔｃ（Ⅴ）Ｏ核配位时，可能存在配位平衡离子Ｘ。在溶液中由于Ｘ离子的优先解络，瞬间存在＋１价对称性９９Ｔｃｍ配合物，并且，它又自动向相对稳定的０价不对称性９９Ｔｃｍ配合物转换，在动态转换过程中，将导致仅有一个配位Ｎ原子保留一个质子，这与实验结果一致。采用键级削弱百分数概念，表征配位过程的二个配位Ｎ原子上保留程度，解释了Ｔｃ（Ⅴ）Ｏ核、Ｔｃ（Ⅴ）≡Ｎ核Ｎ２Ｓ２类配合物两个Ｎ－Ｈ键上质子保留程度不同的原因，为今后设计不同价态锝配合物结构提供理论依据。     

Cardiovascular, renal, and neurohumoral responses to single large-volume paracentesis in patients with cirrhosis and diuretic-resistant ascites

OBJECTIVE: Large volume paracentesis is an effective treatment for refractory ascites, but the need for routine infusion of albumin or other volume expanders remains controversial. The aim of this study was to assess the short term effects of a single 5-L paracentesis without albumin replacement on total central blood volume, systemic and renal hemodynamics, sodium homeostasis, and neurohumoral factors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twelve patients with biopsy-proven cirrhosis and tense, diuretic-resistant ascites were studied before and 48 h after a single 5-L paracentesis without albumin infusion. Systemic hemodynamics and total central blood volume were assessed using radionuclide angiography. Glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow were measured by inulin and para-aminohippurate clearances, respectively. Lithium clearance was used as an index of proximal tubular reabsorption of sodium. In addition, plasma concentrations of neurohumoral factors were determined. RESULTS: Total central blood volume was 2.41 +/- 0.33 L/m2 (mean +/- SEM) before and 2.34 +/- 0.18 L/m2 48 h after large volume paracentesis (p = 0.76). Similarly, no differences were detected in the cardiac index, glomerular filtration rate, effective renal plasma flow, urinary sodium excretion, hematocrit, plasma renin activity, or concentrations of plasma aldosterone, norepinephrine, or atrial natriuretic factor. CONCLUSIONS: A single large volume paracentesis without albumin replacement causes no disturbances in systemic and renal hemodynamics 48 h after the procedure. These results suggest that a single 5-L paracentesis without albumin infusion is a safe and satisfactory short term option for the management of patients with cirrhosis and tense, diuretic-resistant ascites.