校园滨水空间体验与分析

校园滨水空间是校园空间规划和校园文化建设的重要裁体，并以其独特的优越性影响着校园空间中人与人的各类交往活动。本文将以天津大学青年湖为倒，以游走的方式来记录其空间体验，分析其营造方式，初步探讨其多样的营造方式对空间活动的不同影响，进而提出滨水空间营造中的一些思考和建议，希望能对校园滨水空间的设计实践起到一定的参考作用。     

Microstructure and tensile properties of low cost titanium alloys at different cooling rate

Titanium and titanium alloys have several advantages, but the cost of titanium alloys is very expensive compared with the traditional metal materials. This article introduces two new low-cost titanium alloys Ti-2.1Cr-1.3Fe (TCF alloy) and Ti-3Al-2.1Cr-1.3Fe (TACF alloy). In this study, we used Cr-Fe master alloy as one of the raw materials to develop the two new alloys. We introduce the microstructure and tensile properties of the two new alloys from β solution treated with different cooling methods. Optica...     

How scientific research reacts to international public health emergencies: a global analysis of response patterns

As of the middle of April 2020, the unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic has claimed more than 137,000 lives (https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html). Because of its extremely fast spreading, the attention of the global scientific community is now focusing on slowing down, containing and finally stopping the spread of this disease. This requires the concerted action of researchers and practitioners of many related fields, raising, as always in such situations the question, of what kind of research has to be conducted, what are the priorities, how has research to be coordinated and who needs to be involved. In other words, what are the characteristics of the response of the global research community on the challenge? In the present paper, we attempt to characterise, quantify and measure the response of academia to international public health emergencies in a comparative bibliometric study of multiple outbreaks. In addition, we provide a preliminary review of the global research effort regarding the defeat of the COVID-19 pandemic. From our analysis of six infectious disease outbreaks since 2000, including COVID-19, we find that academia always responded quickly to public health emergencies with a sharp increase in the number of publications immediately following the declaration of an outbreak by the WHO. In general, countries/regions place emphasis on epidemics in their own region, but Europe and North America are also concerned with outbreaks in other, developed and less developed areas through conducting intensive collaborative research with the core countries/regions of the outbreak, such as in the case of Ebola in Africa. Researches in the fields of virology, infectious diseases and immunology are the most active, and we identified two characteristic patterns in global science distinguishing research in Europe and America that is more focused on public health from that conducted in China and Japan with more emphasis on biomedical research and clinical pharmacy, respectively. Universities contribute slightly less than half to the global research output, and the vast majority of research funding originates from the public sector. Our findings on how academia responds to emergencies could be beneficial to decision-makers in research and health policy in creating and adjusting anti-epidemic/-pandemic strategies.

     

20kV级发电机整浸定子线棒的绝缘

主要介绍了20 k V级整浸发电机线棒的绝缘结构以及主绝缘性能,采用一套较全面的考核模型对定子线棒进行考证,试验结果表明:整体真空压力浸渍的定子线棒绝缘结构合理,新环氧酸酐体系的线棒主绝缘电气和机械性能优异。     

基于支持向量机的电站锅炉煤灰熔点预测

为解决结渣问题对电站锅炉高效稳定运行的影响,探讨了一种煤灰熔点预测模型。首先分析锅炉混煤燃烧时的煤灰结渣特性,介绍了支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)回归方法,将煤灰中的8种氧化物成分作为输入量,以煤灰熔点作为输出量,建立煤灰熔点的SVM回归预测模型,并采用遗传算法对模型参数进行寻优。经过仿真实验,将模型的预测结果与广义回归神经网络模型的预测结果进行比较,结果表明本预测模型预测精度高、泛化能力强,有助解决电站锅炉的动力配煤技术中的结渣问题。     

MCFA alleviate H2O2-induced oxidative stress in AML12 cells via the ERK1/2/Nrf2 pathway

Oxidative stress is an important factor in the occurrence and development of liver disease. Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) have potential antioxidant function, whereas the exact underlying mechanism of MCFA in oxidative injury of hepatocytes remains unclear. In our present study, three different MCFAs, 8-carbon octanoic acid (OA), 10-carbon capric acid (CA), and 12-carbon lauric acid (LA), have been performed to observe their protective action for hepatocyte under the H₂O₂ challenge. The result showed that MCFA treatment significantly increased the cell viability, T-AOC, and expression of antioxidant-related genes in AML12 cells under oxidative stress condition, and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Moreover, MCFA treatment significantly increased the protein expression of Nrf2 and the phosphorylation level of ERK1/2; LA treatment significantly promoted the Nrf2 nuclear translocation. With a further test, the rescue ability of MCFA was blocked by treating with the ERK inhibitor U0126. Overall, our data suggested that MCFA treatment has positive impact on protecting AML12 cells against oxidative stress through ERK1/2/Nrf2 pathway.     

Biodegradable polymersomes from four‐arm PEG‐b‐PDLLA for encapsulating hemoglobin

A series of four‐arm star block copolymers poly(ethylene glycol)‐block‐poly(d,l ‐lactide) (PEG‐PDLLA) with different hydrophobic length were synthesized by ring‐opening polymerization of lactide and characterized using ¹H NMR and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). These copolymers could self‐assemble in aqueous solution to form the vesicle structure with controlled size and morphologies. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and DLS show the polymersomes are spherical with diameter of 70～500 nm. The polymersomes made by direct hydration of copolymer thin films in water exhibit the controllable ability of encapsulating hemoglobin under mild condition. The hemoglobin content in the polymersomes could reach to 35 wt %. More importantly, the encapsulated hemoglobin keeps its own bioactivity and is capable of binding oxygen. This hemoglobin‐encapsulated four‐arm PEG‐PLA polymersomes could have the potential to be applied as an artificial oxygen carrier for transfusion. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40433.     

锂离子电池微米级三维多孔硅负极材料合成及性能研究

三维硅已被证明为极具前景的锂离子电池负极材料,然而现有的三维硅负极在循环性能和初始库伦效率等方面存在挑战。采用盐酸刻蚀、镁热还原和表面组装的策略,从天然蒙脱矿土直接制备出微米级的三维多孔硅/二氧化钛(3D pSi@TiO₂)复合材料。结果表明:复合材料具有的三维多孔结构能够提供足够的空隙,缓解了脱-嵌锂过程中发生的体积膨胀,缩短了电子传输和锂离子扩散的路径,有利于锂离子的快速嵌入和脱出并减少极化;与二氧化钛的有效复合,进一步提高了复合材料的导电率及结构的稳定性;3D pSi@TiO₂负极在0.5A·g^-1电流密度下循环200次后,可逆容量高达1 261.19 mAh·g^-1及90.79%的优异容量保持率,同时初始库伦效率可达到80.6%。     

梧桐絮制备多孔纤维碳材料及其在超级电容器中的应用

以法国梧桐絮为原料、KOH为活化剂,通过碳化制备多孔纤维碳材料,并在此基础上组装了超级电容器器件。通过SEM、EDS、XRD、Raman、FTIR、BET等对制备的多孔纤维碳材料进行表征,并研究了多孔纤维碳材料电极的电化学性能。结果表明:在扫描速率为50 mV·s~(-1)时,800℃下碳化制备的梧桐絮多孔纤维碳材料电极的比电容可以达到236 F·g~(-1);所组装电极在循环10 000次后,比电容仍维持原来的99.8%,表明梧桐絮多孔纤维碳材料在超级电容器领域有巨大的应用潜力。     

PTV-GC-MS/MS同时测定烟草中202种农药残留

研究了应用程序升温汽化进样-气相色谱-串联质谱(PTV-GC-MS/MS)技术检测烟草中202种农药品种221个组分的高效方法。以QuEChERS技术快速提取烟草中残留农药并净化,PTV进样后在TR-pesticide II毛细管柱上分离,通过优化串联质谱参数,有效降低复杂基质干扰及农药组分重叠峰的相互串扰,以保留时间窗口和特征SRM(选择性反应监测)离子对定性、峰面积定量。结果表明:①202种农药在0.01～2.50 mg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数为0.9800～0.9999,检测限0.0002～0.0100 mg/kg,加标回收率67.4%～112.0%,RSD 0.30%～20.30%。②应用该方法对44个进口烟叶样品进行检测验证,效果良好。③该方法对农药品种覆盖面广,前处理简便、快捷,节省溶剂;一次进样在46 min内可分析221个组分,准确、灵敏。