Photochemical oxidation of fatty acid esters with and without chlorophyll

1. It has been confirmed that the principal products formed in the oxidation of methyl oleate by oxygen under a variety of conditions are predominantlytrans hydroperoxides. However no inversion of the double bond occurs in unoxidized oleate. Hence the conversion ofcis totrans double bonds and peroxide formation occur together in the same molecules.
2. The autoxidation of methyl linoleate at low temperature yields predominantlycis,trans conjugated hydroperoxides. Autoxidation at 25°C., oxidation catalyzed by visible light, or ultraviolet light and copper soap catalyzed oxidation at temperatures appreciably above 0°C., lead to the formation primarily oftrans,trans conjugated hydroperoxides. The inversion of the second double bond in this case appears to be independent of the peroxide-forming reactions.
3. The photochlorophyll oxidation of methyl linoleate leads to the formation of some unconjugated hydroperoxides, some of which containtrans double bonds.
4. Under all of the conditions employed in the present investigation, the oxidation of methyl oleate and linoleate led primarily to the formation of monomeric peroxides which retained most of the unsaturation of the parent compound.

     

Thermal polymerization of methyl linolenate,alpha- and beta-eleostearates

Summary The rates of polymerization of alpha and beta eleostearates agree with second order kinetics, as would be expected for a bimolecular Diels-Alder addition. The all-trans, beta isomer reacts faster than thecis, trans, trans alpha isomer, in agreement with knowncis, trans effects on diene activity. The polymerization of normal linoleate follows an apparent first order reaction. It is suggested that conjugation is the slow rate determining monomolecular reaction, as has been proposed for the non-conjugated linoleate isomers. Paper No. 177, Journal Series, Research Laboratories, General Mills Inc. Presented at the 28th fall (Paul Bunyan) meeting of the American Oil Chemists’' Society, Oct. 12, 1954, Minneapolis, Minn.     

Effect of Anisotropy and Destructuration on the Behavior of Murro Test Embankment

This paper investigates the influence of anisotropy and destructuration on the behavior of a test embankment on soft clay. The test embankment at Murro, Finland, was commissioned in 1993 by the Finnish Road Administration and has been monitored for over 10?years. The construction and consolidation of Murro test embankment is analyzed with finite element method using three different constitutive models to represent the soft soil. The results are compared with field observations. The constitutive models used include two recently proposed constitutive models, namely S-CLAY1 that accounts for initial and plastic strain induced anisotropy and its extension, called S-CLAY1S. The S-CLAY1S model accounts, additionally, for interparticle bonding and degradation of bonds. For comparison, the test embankment is also analyzed using the isotropic Modified Cam Clay model. The simulations demonstrate that for this type of problem, it is important to account for the anisotropy, whereas destructuration appears to have less influence on predicted deformations. However, only a model incorporating destructuration can explain the decrease in undrained shear strength during consolidation that was measured in field.     

Multiservice platforms for data services

The potential for broadband and data services is large and continues to expand for the foreseeable future. Consideration of the cost-effective delivery and support of both new, advanced services, as well as existing services, has led to the driver for multiservice platforms (MSPs). The cost effectiveness results from the MSP potential to share network bandwidth between services, offer a potential simplification of the operational support systems (OSS), and enable new service features and functions. A generic ATM-based MSP is described in this paper where issues of service support, service interworking, operations and maintenance, and network architecture are discussed. The paper is intended as a tutorial on the concepts.     

双向IGBT开关在矩阵变换器中的应用

双向IGBT模块是实现高频矩阵变换器极为有效的方法。略不同于硬开关PWM变换器，矩阵变换器中的开关和传导损耗取决于所选的调制策略。本文介绍了一种由诺丁汉大学推导的平均损耗的计算公式。测试一个使用1200V，200A的双向模块实现的三相到单相的构造，得到的波形说明了矩阵变换器的实际操作以及可能会出现的输出电流纹波。     

Effect of processing upon concentration and distribution of natural and iodophor-derived iodine in milk

Cream removal, pasteurization, and spray-drying of milk did not affect concentration of either natural or iodophor-derived iodine, as measured by both chemical and electrode methods, although electrode results were significantly higher. The use of iodine-131 labeled iodophor showed that only .02% of iodine was lost from milk on boiling and that 3.4% of iodophor-iodine became associated with milk casein.     

A 100-MHz macropipelined VAX microprocessor

A macropipelined CISC microprocessor was implemented in a 0.75-μm CMOS 3.3-V technology. The 1.3-million-transistor custom chip measures 1.62×1.46 cm² and dissipates 16.3 W. The 100-MHz parts were benchmarked at 50 SPEC marks. The on-chip clocking system and several high-performance logic and circuit techniques are described. Macroinstruction handling, micropipeline management, and control store structures highlight the design architecture. The hierarchical array organization and fast tag comparison technique of the primary cache are discussed. Power estimation procedures are outlined, and the results are compared to measurements. Physical design and verification methods, and CAD tools are also described. After extensive functional verification efforts are described, chip and system test results are presented     

Gesture-based control and EMG decomposition

This paper presents two probabilistic developments for the use with electromyograms (EMGs). First described is a neuroelectric interface for virtual device control based on gesture recognition. The second development is a Bayesian method for decomposing EMGs into individual motor unit action potentials (MUAPs). This Bayesian decomposition method allows for distinguishing individual muscle groups with the goal of enhancing gesture recognition. All examples presented rely upon sampling EMG data from a subject's forearm. The gesture-based recognition uses pattern recognition software that has been trained to identify gestures from among a given set of gestures. The pattern recognition software consists of hidden Markov models, which are used to recognize the gestures as they are being performed in real time from moving averages of EMGs. Two experiments were conducted to examine the feasibility of this interface technology. The first replicated a virtual joystick interface, and the second replicated a keyboard. Moving averages of EMGs do not provide an easy distinction between fine muscle groups. To better distinguish between different fine motor skill muscle groups, we present a Bayesian algorithm to separate surface EMGs into representative MUAPs. The algorithm is based on differential variable component analysis, which was originally developed for electroencephalograms. The algorithm uses a simple forward model representing a mixture of MUAPs as seen across multiple channels. The parameters of this model are iteratively optimized for each component. Results are presented on both synthetic and experimental EMG data. The synthetic case has additive white noise and is compared with known components. The experimental EMG data were obtained using a custom linear electrode array designed for this study.